故都的秋翻译欣赏及对比课件PPT教学提纲.ppt 32页

'故都的秋翻译欣赏及对比课件PPT 作者介绍郁达夫(1896.12.7—1945.8.29)原名郁文，字达夫，浙江富阳人，中国现代著名小说家、散文家、诗人。郁达夫在文学创作上主张“文学作品，都是作家的自叙传”，因此，他常常把个人的生活经历作为小说和散文的创作的素材，在作品中毫不掩饰地勾勒出自己的思想感情、个性和人生际遇。 《故都的秋》创作背景从1921年9月至1933年3月,郁达夫曾用相当大的精力参加左翼文艺活动和进行创作.由于国民党白色恐怖的威胁等原因,郁达夫从1933年4月由上海迁居杭州,1936年2月离杭赴福州,在杭州居住了近三年.在这段时间里,他思想苦闷,创作枯竭,过的是一种闲散安逸的生活."在家吃点精制的菜,喝点芳醇的酒,睡睡午觉,看看闲书,不愿意将行动和平时有所移易;总之是懒得动."(引自郁达夫《住所的话》) 《故都的秋》创作背景在这二三年间,郁达夫的确花了很多时间到处游山玩水,在一定程度上也是为了排遣现实带给他的苦闷和离群索居的寂寞.在游山玩水的过程中,写了许多游记,这是他在这段时间创作的主要收获,为我国现代游记的发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献.在杭州其间,郁达夫提倡静的文学,写的也多是"静如止水似的遁世文学".1934年7月,郁达夫"不远千里"从杭州经青岛去北平,再次饱尝了故都的秋"味",并写下了优美的散文《故都的秋》. 秋天，无论在什么地方的秋天，总是好的；可是啊，北国的秋，却特别地来得清，来得静，来得悲凉。译文1：Autumn,whereveritis,alwayshassomethingtorecommenditself.InNorthChina,however,itisparticularlylimpid,sereneandmelancholy.译文2：Autumnisalwayspleasantnomatterwhereitis.ButautumnintheNorthisespeciallyclear,especiallyserene,especiallypatheticinitscoolness.主题倾向：前半句作者通过述说秋“总是好的”表达出自己对秋的喜好，后半句话锋一转，用“清”“静”“悲凉”这三个词来诠释自己对北方的秋的特殊情感。此时翻译的选词应结合当时作者所处的白色恐怖四处横行的特定年代来考虑，应与社会文化语境相符。秋之“好”：1、hassomethingtorecommend有可取之处；给出一些建议2、pleasantSomethingthatispleasantisnice,enjoyable,orattractive句子结构的完整性和协调性——1较好 秋天，无论在什么地方的秋天，总是好的；可是啊，北国的秋，却特别地来得清，来得静，来得悲凉。译文1：Autumn,whereveritis,alwayshassomethingtorecommenditself.InNorthChina,however,itisparticularlylimpid,sereneandmelancholy.译文2：Autumnisalwayspleasantnomatterwhereitis.ButautumnintheNorthisespeciallyclear,especiallyserene,especiallypatheticinitscoolness.《柯林斯高级英语学习词典第五版》limpid:veryclearandtransparentclear:adj.清楚的,明确的,澄清的此处结合作者当时苦闷的心情，“清”应理解成北方秋天带给作者本人的安逸心情，使作者的愁绪变得透明清澈起来，故limpid较好。清、静、悲凉 秋天，无论在什么地方的秋天，总是好的；可是啊，北国的秋，却特别地来得清，来得静，来得悲凉。译文1：Autumn,whereveritis,alwayshassomethingtorecommenditself.InNorthChina,however,itisparticularlylimpid,sereneandmelancholy.译文2：Autumnisalwayspleasantnomatterwhereitis.ButautumnintheNorthisespeciallyclear,especiallyserene,especiallypatheticinitscoolness.此处作者说北之秋来得悲凉，暗藏着自己内心深处的思乡愁绪，用melancholy更为恰当。《柯林斯高级英语学习词典第五版》melancholy:anintensefeelingofsadnesswhichlastsforalongtimeandwhichstronglyaffectsyourbehaviourandattitudes.pathetic:Ifyoudescribeapersonoranimalaspathetic,youmeanthattheyaresadandweakorhelpless,andtheymakeyoufeelverysorryforthem清、静、悲凉译文1的版本较好！ 我的不远千里，要从杭州赶上青岛，更要从青岛赶上北平来的理由，也不过想饱尝一尝这“秋”，这故都的秋味。译文1：Toenjoyitsatmospheretothefullintheonetimecapital,Ihave,therefore,madelightoftravelingalongdistanceformHangzhoutoQingdao,andthencetoPeiping.译文2：Itwasfornootherpurposethantosavorthis‘autumn’tothefull,thetasteofautumnintheoldcapital,thatIwenttothetroubleofjourneyingathousandli,fromHangzhoutoQingdao,andthencetoBeiping.主题倾向：作者用“不远千里”、“赶”、“不过想”、“饱尝一尝”表达的是自己对这故都的秋极度眷念之情，为了再次尝一尝故都的秋味，作者不辞辛苦，不顾路途遥远，带着一腔乡情回到自己当年因为白色恐怖而远离的故都。此时的作者是兴奋的、是激情澎湃的。同样，翻译词语的选择应符合这一主题语境。 我的不远千里，要从杭州赶上青岛，更要从青岛赶上北平来的理由，也不过想饱尝一尝这“秋”，这故都的秋味。译文1：Toenjoyitsatmospheretothefullintheonetimecapital,Ihave,therefore,madelightoftravelingalongdistanceformHangzhoutoQingdao,andthencetoPeiping.译文2：Itwasfornootherpurposethantosavorthis‘autumn’tothefull,thetasteofautumnintheoldcapital,thatIwenttothetroubleofjourneyingathousandli,fromHangzhoutoQingdao,andthencetoBeiping.不远千里：1、madelightoftravelingalongdistance其中madelightof更能表现作者即将回到故土时的欢愉心情（较好）2、wenttothetroubleofjourneyingathousandlitrouble一词太过消极，作者本意并没有视旅途之长为trouble的意思 我的不远千里，要从杭州赶上青岛，更要从青岛赶上北平来的理由，也不过想饱尝一尝这“秋”，这故都的秋味。译文1：Toenjoyitsatmospheretothefullintheonetimecapital,Ihave,therefore,madelightoftravelingalongdistanceformHangzhoutoQingdao,andthencetoPeiping.译文2：Itwasfornootherpurposethantosavorthis‘autumn’tothefull,thetasteofautumnintheoldcapital,thatIwenttothetroubleofjourneyingathousandli,fromHangzhoutoQingdao,andthencetoBeiping.“秋”、秋味《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》atmosphere：feelinginthemindthatiscreatedbyagroupofpeopleoraplace;moodtaste：sensationcausedinthetonguebythingsplacedonit，引申为“回味”tothefull：充分地相比而言，张培基先生对“秋味”的翻译更加文短而意长 江南，秋当然也是有的；但草木雕得慢，空气来得润，天的颜色显得淡，并且又时常多雨而少风；译文1：ThereisofcourseautumnintheSouthtoo,butoverthereplantswitherslowly,theairismoist,theskypallid,anditismoreoftenrainythanwindy.译文2：ThereisautumnalsosouthoftheYangtze,ofcourse.Buttherethegrassandtreestakemoretimetowither,theairismoistandtheskyispale.Thereisfrequentrainandlesswind.《柯林斯高级英语学习词典第五版》Ifsomethingispale,itisverylightincolouroralmostwhite.Youcandescribesomethingaspallidifitisweakornotatallexciting.主题倾向：作者是在拿“江南的秋”和“故都的秋”作比,是进一步阐述突出了他无限的眷恋和向往，文中的“当然”融入了一定的情感，译文2中将“ofcourse”放在句尾突出强调使得该语义得以体现。另外翻译原文中的三个形容词“慢”、“润”和“淡”时要考虑用比较级。改译：ThereisautumnalsosouthoftheYangtze,ofcourse.Buttherethegrassandtreestakemoretimetowither,theairismoister,theskymorepallidanditisoftenmoreoftenrainythanwindy.结合语境突出关键词句子结构的完整性和一致性 一个人夹在苏州上海杭州，或厦门香港广州的市民中间，浑浑沌沌地过去，只能感到一点点清凉，秋的味，秋的色，秋的意境与姿态，总看不饱，尝不透，赏玩不到十足。译文1：WhilemuddlingalongallbymyselfamongtheurbandwellersofSuzhou,Shanghai,Hangzhou,Xiamen,HongKongorGuangzhou,Ifeelnothingbutalittlechillintheair,withouteverrelishingtomyheart’scontenttheflavor,color,moodandstyleoftheseason.译文2：OnewhodwellsamongthecitizensofSuzhou,ShanghaiorHangzhou,ofXiamen,HongkongorGuangzhou,spendshisdayslistlessly,withbutavaguefeelingofcoolness.Astothetasteandcolorofautumn,itsparticularsignificanceandmoods,itisimpossibletohaveone"sfillofseeing,tastingorenjoying.《牛津高阶英英词典》live:tobealiveandhavelifereside:tooccupyaplacepermanentlyorforanextendedperiodoftimedwell:toliveasaresident(resident:livinginaplaceforsomelengthoftime)Muddle：inastateofconfusionordisorder.Listless：hasnoenergyvitalityorenthusiasm.主题倾向：从1921年9月至1933年3月,郁达夫曾用相当大的精力参加左翼文艺活动和进行创作.由于国民党白色恐怖的威胁等原因,郁达夫从1933年4月由上海迁居杭州,1936年2月离杭赴福州,在杭州居住了近三年.在这段时间里,他思想苦闷,创作枯竭,过的是一种闲散安逸的生活."在家吃点精制的菜,喝点芳醇的酒,睡睡午觉,看看闲书,不愿意将行动和平时有所移易;总之是懒得动."(引自郁达夫《住所的话》)夹→辗转居住思想苦闷，感情无可寄托而无精打采的精神状态 一个人夹在苏州上海杭州，或厦门香港广州的市民中间，浑浑沌沌地过去，只能感到一点点清凉，秋的味，秋的色，秋的意境与姿态，总看不饱，尝不透，赏玩不到十足。译文1：WhilemuddlingalongallbymyselfamongtheurbandwellersofSuzhou,Shanghai,Hangzhou,Xiamen,HongKongorGuangzhou,Ifeelnothingbutalittlechillintheair,withouteverrelishingtomyheart’scontenttheflavor,color,moodandstyleoftheseason.译文2：OnewhodwellsamongthecitizensofSuzhou,ShanghaiorHangzhou,ofXiamen,HongkongorGuangzhou,spendshisdayslistlessly,withbutavaguefeelingofcoolness.Astothetasteandcolorofautumn,itsparticularsignificanceandmoods,itisimpossibletohaveone"sfillofseeing,tastingorenjoying.《剑桥高级学习词典》taste：theindividualqualitywhichithaswhenyouputitinyourmouthandwhichdistinguishesitfromotherthings.flavor：howfoodordrinktastes,oraparticulartasteitselftaste强调个人的感受,体验，而flavor强调事物本身的口味，风味改译：WhiledwellingamongthecitizensofSuzhou,ShanghaiorHangzhou,ofXiamen,HongkongorGuangzhouandspendingmydayslistlessly,Ifeelnothingbutalittlechillintheair,withouteverrelishingtomyheart’scontenttheflavor,color,moodandstyleoftheseason.“看”、“尝”、“赏玩”→“seeing,tasting,enjoying”？relish:enjoygreatlyanticipatingwithpleasure;makepleasanttothetaste.饱尝秋味 秋并不是名花，也并不是美酒，那一种半开，半醉的状态，在领略秋的过程上，是不合适的。译文1：Unlikefamousflowerswhicharemostattractivewhenhalfopening,orgoodwinewhichismosttemptingwhenoneishalfdrunk,autumn,however,isbestappreciatedinitsentirety.译文2：Autumnisnotafamousflower,noradeliciouswine.Itisinappropriatewhileenjoyingthepleasuresofautumntoexpectsomethinginastateofhalf-openorhalf-tipsy.半开→名花半醉→美酒明确指代关系拆译法《剑桥高级学习词典》tipsy：slightlydrunkdrunk：unabletospeakoractintheusualwaybecauseofhavinghadtoomuchalcoholhalfdrunk酒意半酣的状态，tipsy则不需要用half主题倾向：“名花”总是具有一种高贵典雅的气质和姿态，其开放时总是处于一种很柔和很内敛的状态；“美酒”，则是甘醇幽香，品到半醉便是恰到好处。名花美酒指代的是南国的秋。而北方的秋是开放在原野的野花，开放时是那样的泼辣和肆无忌惮；它是白干老酒，烈辣十足，要端起大碗，一饮而尽才痛快。因此，要想饱尝这野花白干酒似的秋，必须处于一种“全开全醉”的状态，这样才能领略真正的秋。而北国的秋，那才是秋味十足的秋。 北国的槐树，也是一种能使人联想起秋来的点缀。译文1：LocusttreesintheNorth,asadecorativeembellishmentofnature,alsoassociateuswithautumn.译文2：Thescholar-treesinNorthChinaarealsoanattractionthatcallstomindtheadventofautumn.改译：LocusttreesintheNorth,asanembellishmentofnature,alsocalltomindtheadventofautumn.主题倾向：槐树与秋的联系——联想+点缀《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》embellishment：Anembellishmentisadecorationaddedtosomethingtomakeitseemmoreattractiveorinteresting（较好）attraction：Anattractionisafeaturewhichmakessomethinginterestingordesirable.associatewith：与...常在一起(和...联想在一起)callstomind：想起 像花而又不是花的那一种落蕊，早晨起来，会铺得满地。脚踏上去，声音也没有，气味也没有，只能感出一点点极微细极柔软的触觉。译文1：Ongettingupearlyinthemorning,youwillfindthegroundstrewnalloverwithflower-likepistilsfallenfromlocusttrees.Quietandsmelless,theyfeeltinyandsoftunderfoot.译文2：Yougetupintheearlymorning,tofindthegroundcarpetedalloverwiththeirfallenpetals,whichstillhavesomethingofthelookofflowers,thoughactuallynotflowersanylonger.Treadonthem,andyouareconsciousonlyofaveryslightandsoftsenseoftouch,withneithersoundnorsmell.主题倾向：通过对落蕊所带来的听觉、嗅觉和触觉描写，突出对秋的另一种感情基调——微细柔软。“落蕊”其实是对落花的描写，被秋风秋雨打落的花，支离破碎，不再保持花的模样，从意境上说，用花瓣来指代落花更为恰当！pistils：雌蕊petals：花瓣（较好） 像花而又不是花的那一种落蕊，早晨起来，会铺得满地。脚踏上去，声音也没有，气味也没有，只能感出一点点极微细极柔软的触觉。译文1：Ongettingupearlyinthemorning,youwillfindthegroundstrewnalloverwithflower-likepistilsfallenfromlocusttrees.Quietandsmelless,theyfeeltinyandsoftunderfoot.译文2：Yougetupintheearlymorning,tofindthegroundcarpetedalloverwiththeirfallenpetals,whichstillhavesomethingofthelookofflowers,thoughactuallynotflowersanylonger.Treadonthem,andyouareconsciousonlyofaveryslightandsoftsenseoftouch,withneithersoundnorsmell.句型的选择：定语与定语从句：flower-like：简洁，达意描写角度触觉1、theyfeel…(花的客观感觉)2、Treadon+conscious(作者的主观感觉)否定词与否定词组：Quietandsmelless：更加直观改译：Ongettingupearlyinthemorning,youwillfindthegroundstrewnalloverwithflower-likepetalsfallenfromlocusttrees.Quietandsmelless,theyfeeltinyandsoftunderfoot. 扫街的在树影下一阵扫后，灰土上留下来的一条条扫帚的丝纹，看起来既觉得细腻，又觉得清闲，潜意识下并且还觉得有点儿落寞，译文1：Afterastreetcleanerhasdonethesweepingundertheshadeofthetrees,youwilldiscovercountlesslinesleftbyhisbroominthedust,whichlooksofineandquietthatsomehowafeelingofforlornnesswillbegintocreepuponyou.译文2：Thelinesleftonthedustysoilbyscavengersintheirroundofsweepingundertheshadowsoftreesgiveanimpressionofexquisitenessaswellasserenity,sothatsubconsciouslyyoustillfeelasuggestionofloneliness.《柯林斯高级英语学习词典第五版》creepupon：Ifafeelingorstatecreepsuponyou,youhardlynoticethatitisbeginningtoaffectyouorhappentoyou《朗文当代英语词典》subconsciously：1、subconsciousfeelings,desiresetcarehiddeninyourmindandaffectyourbehaviour,butyoudonotknowthatyouhavethem2、thepartofyourmindthathasthoughtsandfeelingsyoudonotknowabout（表现出作者对北平的秋并不陌生）主题倾向：“细腻”、“清闲”表明故都的秋带给作者的舒适之感，而因为白色恐怖的原因，作者不得不背井离乡，此情此境，让人触景伤情，因此作者潜意识中感到“落寂” 扫街的在树影下一阵扫后，灰土上留下来的一条条扫帚的丝纹，看起来既觉得细腻，又觉得清闲，潜意识下并且还觉得有点儿落寞，译文1：Afterastreetcleanerhasdonethesweepingundertheshadeofthetrees,youwilldiscovercountlesslinesleftbyhisbroominthedust,whichlooksofineandquietthatsomehowafeelingofforlornnesswillbegintocreepuponyou.译文2：Thelinesleftonthedustysoilbyscavengersintheirroundofsweepingundertheshadowsoftreesgiveanimpressionofexquisitenessaswellasserenity,sothatsubconsciouslyyoustillfeelasuggestionofloneliness.王淑升先生的版本更加贴切的表现出文章主题倾向，故译文2更好！《柯林斯高级英语学习词典第五版》forlornness：1、sadnessresultingfrombeingforsakenorabandoned2、Thecharacteristicofbeingforlorn;sadness;loneliness《朗文当代英语词典》loneliness：alonelyexperienceorsituationmakesyouunhappybecauseyouarealoneordonothaveanyonetotalkto（较好地表现出作者在异乡无人倾诉的苦闷心情） 古人所说的梧桐一叶而天下知秋的遥想，大约也就在这些深沉的地方。译文1：Thesamedepthofimplicationisfoundintheancientsayingthatasinglefallenleaffromthewutongtreeismorethanenoughtoinformtheworldofautumn’spresence.译文2：Itwasprobablysomethingasprofoundasthisthatinspiredthephantasyoftheancientsthatthefallofasingleleaffromtheparasol-treeintimatestoalltheworldthearrivalofautumn.《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》depth：thequalityofhavingalotofknowledge,understanding,orexperiencedepthofimplication：深度内涵profound：1、showingstrong,seriousfeelings2、literarydeeporfarbelowthesurfaceofsomething 古人所说的梧桐一叶而天下知秋的遥想，大约也就在这些深沉的地方。译文1：Thesamedepthofimplicationisfoundintheancientsayingthatasinglefallenleaffromthewutongtreeismorethanenoughtoinformtheworldofautumn’spresence.译文2：Itwasprobablysomethingasprofoundasthisthatinspiredthephantasyoftheancientsthatthefallofasingleleaffromtheparasol-treeintimatestoalltheworldthearrivalofautumn.译文2更胜一筹！《柯林斯高级英语学习词典第五版》inform：Ifyouinformsomeoneofsomething,youtellthemaboutit.intimate：hint:anindirectsuggestion;暗示，提示（更符合原文）《柯林斯高级英语学习词典第五版》presence.：Apresenceisapersonorcreaturethatyoucannotsee,butthatyouareawareof.thearrivalof：Whenaparticulartimecomesoraparticulareventhappens,youcanrefertoitsarrival. 秋蝉的衰弱的残声,更是北国的特产。译文1：ThesporadicfeeblechirpingofcicadasisespeciallycharacteristicofautumnintheNorth.译文2：Thechirpingofcicadasinautumn,feebleandlingering,isanotherspecialtyofNorthChina.所谓“特产”是指“某地或某国特有的或特别著名的产品”,用英语表达则是speciallocalproduct;speciality;specialty。但是,“特产”在这里是暗语,其内涵意义不是“产品”,理解作“特色”较为恰当。译文2把“特产”译成了specialty,是由于理解不当而出现的误译。改译：Thefeebleandfadingchirpingofcicadasisaspecialcharacteristicofautumninthenorth.跟南方的蝉的烦躁的叫声相比，“衰弱”、“残声”令人有一种秋将冬至的感觉，更觉生命的可贵。《牛津高阶英英词典》lingering:totakealongtimetoleaveordisappearfeeble：withoutstrengthorvigorfading：tolosefreshnessorstrength;graduallyfrowfaintanddisapear生命渐渐消逝词义推敲与语境选择 因为北平处处全长着树，屋子又低，所以无论在什么地方，都听得见它们的啼唱。在南方是非要上郊外或山上去才听得到的。译文1：DuetotheabundanceoftreesandthelowaltitudeofdwellingsinPeiping,cicadasareaudibleineverynookandcrannyofthecity.IntheSouth,however,onecannothearthemunlessinsuburbsorhills.译文2：InBeiping,everywherearetrees,andyoucancatchtheirsinginganywhere,thehousesbeingusuallysolow.IntheSouththiswouldbeanimpossibilityunlessyouwentoutofyourwaytogettothesuburbsorthehills.相比来说，译文1更忠实于原文，正是因为“theabundanceoftrees”和“lowaltitudeofdwellings”，蝉声才“audibleineverynookandcrannyofthecity”。译文2中“everywherearetrees”,“thehousebeingusuallysolow”语言较为累赘，逻辑稍混乱语言流畅言简意赅 这秋蝉的嘶叫，在北平可和蟋蟀耗子一样，简直像是家家户户都养在家里的家虫。译文1：Becauseoftheirubiquitousshrillnoise,theseinsectsinPeipingseemtobelivingoffeveryhouseholdlikecricketsormice.译文2：InBeiping,thechirpoftheautumncicadaisquitelikethechirpofacricketorthesqueakofamouse—domesticcreaturestobefoundinveryhousehold.秋蝉的嘶叫是家虫秋蝉是家虫主题倾向：叫声如此凄惨的秋蝉竟是“北国的特产”，竟是家家户户都有的家虫，作者由秋蝉的嘶叫联想到北平家中的家虫，表露了他深深的思念之情状语:“在北平可和蟋蟀耗子一样”、“简直”、“像是”宾语中心语:“家虫”译文1主干为秋蝉像家里的蟋蟀耗子，这是因为他们的叫声很相似。Belivingoffeveryhousehold营造出了一种动态的感觉。体现了作者对家对故都的秋的思念译文2强调了秋蝉和蟋蟀耗子的叫声相似,同时凸显了家虫的特征，并没有表达出作者隐含的情感。shrill：havingaloudandhighsoundthatisunpleasantorpainfultolistento秋蝉→“衰弱”、“残声”改译：Becauseoftheirubiquitouschirp,theseinsectsinPeipingseemtobelivingoffeveryhouseholdlikecriketsormice. 小结1）语言流畅。流畅主要是指译文既要确切又要地道,使译语读者读起来觉得就像是用英语写作的一样,这是不容易达到的高标准。原文:可是,啊,北国的秋,却特别地来得清,来得静,来得悲凉。InNorthChina,however,itisparticularlylimpid,sereneandmelancholy. 2）句子结构。英语句子结构紧凑严密,常用各种形式手段连接词语、分句,注重显性连接,注重句子的形式和完整。汉语不像英语那样大量使用结构词(连词、介词等),造句时少用或不用形式连接手段,注重隐性连贯,注重逻辑顺序。原文：江南，秋当然也是有的；但草木雕得慢，空气来得润，天的颜色显得淡，并且又时常多雨而少风；ThereisautumnalsosouthoftheYangtze,ofcourse.Buttherethegrassandtreestakemoretimetowither,theairismoister,theskymorepallidanditisoftenmoreoftenrainythanwindy. 脚踏上去，声音也没有，气味也没有，只能感出一点点极微细极柔软的触觉。Quietandsmelless,theyfeeltinyandsoftunderfoot.3）合乎逻辑。一般来说,语言应与逻辑一致,但也应看到不同民族的语言都有其自身的习惯说法,有时一种语言的习惯在另一种语言里不但不存在,还可能被认为逻辑性不强。这就要求译者细致地分析这种差别,从而在译文中体现出来。 4）词意。对词意的理解牵涉到很多问题。在某些具体场合,有的普通词语会有特殊含义,词意不好掌握。如“秋蝉的衰弱的残声,更是北国的特产。”Thefeebleandfadingchirpingofcicadasisaspecialcharacteristicofautumninthenorth. 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