操作系统课件PPT第一章.ppt 36页

'IntroductionChapter11.1Whatisanoperatingsystem1.2Historyofoperatingsystems1.3Theoperatingsystemzoo1.4Computerhardwarereview1.5Operatingsystemconcepts1.6Systemcalls1.7Operatingsystemstructure1 IntroductionAcomputersystemconsistsofhardwaresystemprogramsapplicationprograms2 WhatisanOperatingSystemItisanextendedmachineHidesthemessydetailswhichmustbeperformedPresentsuserwithavirtualmachine,easiertouseItisaresourcemanagerEachprogramgetstimewiththeresourceEachprogramgetsspaceontheresource3 HistoryofOperatingSystems(1)Earlybatchsystembringcardsto1401readcardstotapeputtapeon7094whichdoescomputingputtapeon1401whichprintsoutput4 HistoryofOperatingSystems(2)Firstgeneration1945-1955vacuumtubes,plugboardsSecondgeneration1955-1965transistors,batchsystemsThirdgeneration1965–1980ICsandmultiprogrammingFourthgeneration1980–presentpersonalcomputers5 HistoryofOperatingSystems(3)StructureofatypicalFMSjob–2ndgeneration6 HistoryofOperatingSystems(4)Multiprogrammingsystemthreejobsinmemory–3rdgeneration7 TheOperatingSystemZooMainframeoperatingsystemsServeroperatingsystemsMultiprocessoroperatingsystemsPersonalcomputeroperatingsystemsReal-timeoperatingsystemsEmbeddedoperatingsystemsSmartcardoperatingsystems8 ComputerHardwareReview(1)ComponentsofasimplepersonalcomputerMonitorBus9 ComputerHardwareReview(2)(a)Athree-stagepipeline(b)AsuperscalarCPU10 ComputerHardwareReview(3)Typicalmemoryhierarchynumbersshownareroughapproximations11 ComputerHardwareReview(4)Structureofadiskdrive12 ComputerHardwareReview(5)Onebase-limitpairandtwobase-limitpairs13 ComputerHardwareReview(6)(a)StepsinstartinganI/Odeviceandgettinginterrupt(b)HowtheCPUisinterrupted(a)(b)14 ComputerHardwareReview(7)StructureofalargePentiumsystem15 OperatingSystemConcepts(1)AprocesstreeAcreatedtwochildprocesses,BandCBcreatedthreechildprocesses,D,E,andF16 OperatingSystemConcepts(2)(a)Apotentialdeadlock.(b)anactualdeadlock.17 OperatingSystemConcepts(3)Filesystemforauniversitydepartment18 OperatingSystemConcepts(4)Beforemounting,filesonfloppyareinaccessibleAftermountingfloppyonb,filesonfloppyarepartoffilehierarchy19 OperatingSystemConcepts(5)Twoprocessesconnectedbyapipe20 StepsinMakingaSystemCallThereare11stepsinmakingthesystemcallread(fd,buffer,nbytes)21 SomeSystemCallsForProcessManagement22 SomeSystemCallsForFileManagement23 SomeSystemCallsForDirectoryManagement24 SomeSystemCallsForMiscellaneousTasks25 SystemCalls(1)Astrippeddownshell:while(TRUE){/*repeatforever*/type_prompt();/*displayprompt*/read_command(command,parameters)/*inputfromterminal*/if(fork()!=0){/*forkoffchildprocess*//*Parentcode*/waitpid(-1,&status,0);/*waitforchildtoexit*/}else{/*Childcode*/execve(command,parameters,0);/*executecommand*/}}26 SystemCalls(2)Processeshavethreesegments:text,data,stack27 SystemCalls(3)(a)Twodirectoriesbeforelinking/usr/jim/memotoast"sdirectory(b)Thesamedirectoriesafterlinking28 SystemCalls(4)(a)Filesystembeforethemount(b)Filesystemafterthemount29 SystemCalls(5)SomeWin32APIcalls30 OperatingSystemStructure(1)Simplestructuringmodelforamonolithicsystem31 OperatingSystemStructure(2)StructureoftheTHEoperatingsystem32 OperatingSystemStructure(3)StructureofVM/370withCMS33 OperatingSystemStructure(4)Theclient-servermodel34 OperatingSystemStructure(5)Theclient-servermodelinadistributedsystem35 MetricUnitsThemetricprefixes36'