最新四级考试语法复习重点2ppt课件PPT课件 24页

'四级考试语法复习重点2ppt课件 考试重点简介英语中的虚拟语气有4种，一种是条件句中的虚拟语气，一种是含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气，一种是名词性从句中的虚拟语气，还有一种是状语从句中的虚拟语气。其中虚拟时态的运用很大程度上和其所处的句型有关。95年以来，对虚拟语气的考查有28题之多，占词汇/语法总数的15.2%。下面我们也分四部分来看一下四级考试中虚拟语气的运用。 2．含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气1)Somewomen____agoodsalaryinajobinsteadofstayinghome,buttheydecidednottoworkforthesakeofthefamily.A.mustmakeB.shouldhavemadeC.wouldmakeD.couldhavemade2)Wedidn"tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewe___him.A.wouldhavetelephonedB.musthavetelephonedC.wouldtelephoneD.hadtelephoned答案1）D2）A 评析含蓄虚拟条件句指没有明确的条件从句的虚拟条件句，一般是条件用介词短语、分词短语或并列句的方式表达，这时主句的时态要求与含有条件从句的主句要求相同。四级测试中常考的含蓄虚拟条件句句型有：①Butfor/Without,主句Butfor/Withoutyourhelp,wewouldn"thaveaccomplishedthetaskontime.②……,otherwise/or……Hehadn"thadfoodfortwodays,or/otherwisehewouldn"thavefaintedoutatwork.上面2）题就属于该句型，表达的是与过去事实相反的情况，所以用wouldhavetelephoned的结构。 ③分词/不定式，主句Havingbeenborntenyearsearlier,youcouldhavewitnessedthedisaster.Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedonetheworkmuchbetter.Youwouldbefoolishtomakefriendswithsuchpeople.④……，thought/but……Einsteincaredlittleformoney,thoughhecouldhavebeenveryrich.Hecouldhavegotthejob,buthedidn"tapplyforit. 3．名词性从句中的虚拟语气与以上两种虚拟语气句式不同，这里虚拟语气中时态的变化比较少，主要依据所处的句型。考生所需要的是了解在哪些情况下用这种句式，测试中考生只需从四个选项中辨认答案即可。1)Wouldn"tyouratheryourchild_____tobedearly?A.goB.wentC.wouldgoD.goes2)Mike"suncleinsists____inthishotel.A.stayingnotB.nottostayC.thathewouldnotstayD.thathenotstay3)SometimesIwishI____inadifferenttimeandadifferentplace.A.belivingB.werelivingC.wouldliveD.wouldhavelived4)Itisessentialthattheseapplicationforms____backasearlyaspossible.A.mustbesentB.willbesentC.aresentD.besent 5)Itisrecommendedthattheproject_____untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.A.isnotstartedB.willnotbestartedC.notbestartedD.isnottobestarted6)Weareallforyourproposalthatthediscussion____.A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istobeoutoff7)Thesuggestionthatthemayor________theprizeswasacceptedbyeveryone.A.wouldpresentB.presentC.presentsD.oughttopresent8)It"salready5o"clocknow.Don"tyouthinkitisabouttime____?A.wearegoinghomeB.wegohomeC.wewenthomeD.wecangohome 9)AsCommander-in-Chiefofthearmedforces,Ihavedirectedthatallmeasures____forourdefense.A.hadbeentakenB.wouldbetakenC.betakenD.tobetaken10)Itisvitalthatenoughmoney__________tofundtheproject.A.becollectedB.mustbecollectedC.iscollectedD.canbecollected11)Idon"tthinkitadvisablethatTim____tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A.isassignedB.willbeassignedC.beassignedD.hasbeenassigned12)Ifonlythecommittee______theregulationsandputthemintoeffectassoonaspossible.A.approveB.willapproveC.canapproveD.wouldapprove A.参考答案：1）B2）D3）B4）D5）C6）A7）B8）C9）C10）A11）C12)D评析该部分所包含的句型有：①表示"命令""建议"或"要求"的动词后面的宾语从句中用should+原形动词，should可以省略。常用于该句型的动词有direct,order,command,require,ask,request,demand,insist,suggest,recommend等。这里句型的考题中，一般都会有would,must等干扰项，正确选项以省略should者居多，并且常是notdosomething,或be的形，尤其是notbedone的形式。如2）5）和9）。 另外这类考题还常借助于动词本身的句法结构设干扰项。如insist后可接doingsomething,beingdone或ondoingsomething的结构，suggest后也可接动名词。另外，这两个单词也有不用虚拟语气的句式，如insist表示“坚持认为”，suggest表示“说明”“表明”时，从句中就不用虚拟语气，考生应注意分别。②表示“命令”“建议”或“要求”的名词后面的同位语或表语从句中同样是用should+原形动词，should可以省略。与上面一条相同，表示这些概念的名词如suggestion,order,proposal等后面的that从句中虚拟语气使用规则相同，如6）7）中都是that同位语从句中使用should+原形动词，should省略的结构。 ③Itis+表示重要，有必要，吃惊，难以相信的名词或形容词，或表示“命令”“建议”“要求”的过去分词+that从句中用should+原形动词，should可以省略。这一句型可分解为:Itisimportant/necessary/vital/advisable/essential...that…(should)Itisstrange/surprising/unbelievable…that…(should)Itisasurprise/wonder..that…(should)…Itissuggested/requested/recommended…that…(should)…这些句型一律使用should+原形动词的结构，should可以省略，如4）5）10）题。注意Itisstrange/surprising/unbelievable…that…(should)句型中如果表示过去的事情可以用shouldhavedone的形式，如：Itisstrangethatheshouldhavefailedintheelection. ④wishwish后面的从句时态可以有以下几种情况表示与现在事实相反用一般过去时：HowIwishIhadamemoryasgoodasyours.表示与现在正在进行的事情相反可用过去进行时，如3）。表示与过去事实相反的情况用过去完成时，也可以用couldhavedone的形式，如：IwishI____longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.(1995.6)A.couldhavesleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.haveslept由于might表示"也许"，与这里的意思不合，只能用A。表示将来不可能实现的情况用would/might+原形动词。HowIwishyouwouldbeabletocomehereforanothervisit.⑤Ifonly表示愿望时与wish用法相同。再如：Ifonlythatphotographweren"tmissing.Ifonlytheletterhadarrivedintime. ⑥wouldratherwouldrather的虚拟语气形式在这几年考查是最多的,但wouldrather从句的时态规则并不复杂。如果表示与过去事实相反的情况用过去完成时，否则用一般过去时。在如以下各题：1)Themanagerwouldratherhisdaughter_____inthesameoffice.A.hadnotworkedB.nottoworkC.doesnotworkD.didnotwork2)Tobefrank,I"dratheryou____inthecase.A.willnotbeinvolvedB.notinvolvedC.nottobeinvolvedD.werenotinvolved 3)Youdon"thavetobeinsuchahurry.Iwouldratheryou____onbusinessfirst.A.wouldgoB.willgoC.wentD.havegone4)Franklyspeaking,I"dratheryou___anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.didn"tdoB.haven"tdoneC.don"tdoD.havedone5)I"dratheryou____makeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.A.don"tB.wouldn"tC.didn"tD.shouldn"t答案为:1)D2)D3)C4)A5)C) ⑦It‘s(about/high)timethat…该句型中一律用一般过去时，再如："Youareveryselfish.It"shightimeyou____thatyouarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,"Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.A.realizedB.haverealizedC.realizeD.shouldrealize 4．状语从句中的虚拟语气状语从句中的虚拟语气主要指asif/though从句中的虚拟语气，首先请大家做一下下面三道题：1)Hewalkedpastthepoleandsoldiersasifthey______.A.didn"texistB.don"texistC.hadn"texistedD.werenotexisting2)Heoperatesthenewcomputerasifhe_____specialtraininginit.A.hasreceivedB.hadreceivedC.wouldreceiveD.received3)Theytalkedinsuchanuneasymannerasifsomethingterrible___soon.A.hadhappenedB.happenedC.wouldhappenD.hashappened答案1）A2）B3）C 评析谓语动词要求使用虚拟语气的状语从句一般是由asif/asthough引导。该从句中时态的选择原则是：①如果从句中谓语动词与主句谓语动词同时进行，用过去进行时；②如果从句中谓语动词表示与主句谓语动词同时存在的状态，用一般过去时，如1）。③如果从句中谓语动词表示先于主句谓语动词的动作或状态，用过去完成时，如2）。④如果从句中谓语动词后于主句谓语动词发生，用would/might+原形动词。 结束语谢谢大家聆听！！！24'