高考英语语法非谓语动词课件PPT课件.ppt 39页

'非谓语动词I(NonfiniteVerbs)主讲:雷小娟 非谓语动词?在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:1)不定式，2)动名词，3)分词(现在分词和过去分词)。 不定式---形式(TheInfinitive)时态语态主动被动一般式todotobedone进行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成进行式tohavebeendoing/不定式 动词不定式在句中可作主语(Subject),宾语(Object),定语(Attribute),表语(Predicative)状语(Adverbial)等。①It’sagoodhabittogetupearly.②Weplantogototheseasideforourholiday.③Sheislookingforaroomtolivein.④Myjobistohelpthepatient.⑤Tosleeplateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm. 动名词/现在分词时态/语态主动被动一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone3)过去分词只有done一种形式. 动名词:在句中起名词作用，可作主语,表语,宾语和定语1)_______________________(收集信息）isveryimportanttobusinessmen.2)Myfavouritesportis_________________(踢足球）3)Hefinished_____________(看完这本书)yesterday.4)Hehasa________room.(书房）Collectinginformationreadingthebookreadingplayingfootball 非谓语作状语的重点与难点状语 动词不定式在句中可作目的,原因,结果状语。1.Topasstheexam,Bobstudiedhard.(Inorderto…(表目的)2.Nicetomeetyouagain.(表原因)3.Heworkedhardonlytofail.(表结果) 动名词:在句中作主语,表语,宾语和定语而不能作状语 分词:现在分词(v.ing)过去分词(done)想一想:在句中可作哪些状语? Underlinethenonfiniteverbs(找非谓语动词):1.a)Havingdonetheirhomework,thestudentslefttheclassroom.1.b)Askedwhyhedidit,hesaiditwashisduty.(=Aftertheyhaddone……)(=Whenhewasasked….)(时间状语) 3.a)Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.3.b)Borninthevillage,heknowsalotofpeoplethere.(=Ashewasill,……)(=As/Becausehewasborn……)(原因状语) 2.a)Workinghard, youwilldowellinyourexams.2.b)Givenmoretime,Icandobetter.(=Ifyouworkhard,…)(=IfIamgiven……)(条件状语) 4.a)Thoughweighingalmostfiftykilograms,theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.4.b)Althoughtired,theycontinuedtowork.(=Thoughitweighs…)(=Althoughtheyweretired,……)(让步状语) 5.Hisparentsdiedinthewar,leavinghimanorphan(=…,sothathebecameanorphan,…….)(结果状语) 6.a)Theywentintotheroom,Laughingandtalking.6.b)Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents(方式或伴随)(=…,laughedandtalked.)(=…andwassurrounded…) 总结:分词(现在,过去分词)在句中作状语,可表时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随或方式等含义,现在分词还可作结果状语、相当于一个对应的状语从句所表达的意思.总结 非谓语作状语的高考热门例析例析 Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,thecitylooksbeautiful.找出下列句子中的错误,并总结出规律:SeenSeenfromthetopofthemountain,wecanviewthebeautyofthewholecity.Seeing 规律(一):分词:现在分词/过去分词现在分词表示主动和进行；过去分词表示被动和完成。▲分词作状语时,无论主动还是被动形式,分词动作的逻辑主语和主句的主语应该保持一致 发散思维当非谓语的逻辑主语与句子的逻辑主语不一致时,还可用哪种结构来表达?Seeingfromthetopofthemountain,thecitylooksbeautiful.^Weseeing当非谓语的逻辑主语与句子的逻辑主语不一致时,还可用独立主格结构来表达? 1.Themanager,___itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A.whohasmadeB.madeC.havingmadeD.making2.___manytimes,hediditwell.A.BeingtoldB.HavingtoldC.HavingbeentoldD.TobetoldCC 规律(二):当v-ing形式作状语时，要考虑时态与语态若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，需用havingdone,如果表被动则用havingbeendone 3.Herushedtothetrainstation,only____thetrainhadgone.A.findingB.foundC.findsD.tofind4.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,____itthemostpopularsportintheworld.(NMET1998)A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeDA 规律(三):不定式与现在分词都可作结果状语区别:不定式表“出乎意料,意料之外”现在分词表“顺其自然,意料之中,方式或伴随,还可表原因(前因后果)”等, 非谓语作状语的习惯用法与特殊用法 1.___fromhislook,shemusthavejustbeenseparatedfromherMr.Right.A.JudgedB.JudgingC.TojudgeD.BeingjudgedB解析此题考察v.ing作插入语的习惯用法,故选B 2.____youthetruth,Idon’tagreewithwhatyousaidjustnow.A.TellB.TotellC.TellingD.ToldB解析此题考察不定式作插入语的习惯用法,故选B 必背:Judgingfrom…由…判断副词(adv.)+speaking…的来说generallyspeaking一般说来,总的来说,personallyspeaking就个人来说,就自己而言strictlyspeaking严格说来believeitornot信不信由你 必背:tobehonest老实说totellyouthetruth说老实话tobefrank坦率地说tosaynothingof姑且不说tobesure诚然，固然tobeexact精确地说sotospeak可以这么说tobebrief简言之toconclude总而言之todohimjustice说句对他公道的话tomakealongstoryshort长话短说tobeginwith首先 非谓语动词作状语的高考热门考点小结小结:1.分词与主语的关系(分词动作的逻辑主语和主句的主语应该保持一致:表示主动和进行用现在分词;表示被动和完成用过去分词)2.要考虑时态与语态3.要记一些习惯用法 非谓语作状语的巩固练习 1.Hisparentsdied,___himanorphan.A.LeftB.leavingC.leaveD.toleave2.Herushedtothepostofficeonly___itwasclosed.A.findingB.findC.foundD.tofindBDChoosethebestanswers: 3.When___help,oneoftensays,“Thankyou.”or“It’skindofyou.”(福建卷33题）A.offeringB.toofferC.tobeofferedD.offered4.Hecalledthepoliceforhelp,___thattheproblemwasmorethanhecoulddealwith.A.realizeB.torealizeC.realizedD.realizingDD 5.____areply,hedecidedtowriteasixthletter.A.NotreceivingB.NottoreceiveC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived6.Whilewatchingtelevision,____.（全国卷Ⅲ18题）thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings 7.______itornot,youwillsucceedonedayinthefuture.A.BelieveB.TobelieveC.BelievingD.Believed8.____honest,wearenotsuretofindthegirlintheforest.A.BeB.TobeC.BeingD.beenAB 9.____intheclassroom,hefeltsomewhathomesick.A.SeatingB.ToseatC.SeatedD.SeatsC解析此题考察“seat”只用过去分词“seated”作状语等的习惯用法,故选C'