最新初中英语知识点梳理概要1课件PPT.ppt 53页

'初中英语知识点梳理概要1 2.格名词所有格’s共同拥有分别拥有；双重所有格of+名词所有格；of+名词性物主代词afriendofmybrother’s;adaughterofyours 3.【考场演练】1）---What_____doyouhaveforPaul?---Ithinkheshouldstudyharderthanbefore.A.newsB.adviceC.helpD.information2)Doyouhaveanyother_____tomakeonthesubject?A.advicesB.newsC.suggestionsD.informations3)Amy’shandbagisthesameasmy_____.(妻子)4）Wedon’thavetotakeataxithere.It’sonlya______walk.A.ten-minuteB.ten-minute’sC.tenminute’sD.tenminutes’5)______finetheweatheris!______fineweatheritis!6)牛肉胡萝卜面beefand_______noodles/beefnoodleswith_______7）---_______hotday!---Soitis!Ihate_____badweather.A.Whata;suchB.Whata;soC.How;soD.What;such 2021/8/39)TherearelotsofEnglishbookshere,and____ofthemiseasytounderstand.A.bothB.allC.everyD.each10)EveryoneexceptTomandJohn____seenthefilm.A.isB.hasC.areD.have11)Astimegoesby,Ibegantounderstandmyparentsgaveme____muchmorethanjustarusty(生锈的)oldbike.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything12)---Howfaristhenaturalpark?---Oh,___willtakeoveronehourforthecartogothere.A.thisB.itC.weD.that 三、数词考题方向：单项选择中数词部分的考查1.基数词序数词分数2.不确切数字、年代的表示法hundredsof,inone’sthirties,inthe1960s/1960’s3.序数词前用不定冠词a/an,表示“再一、又一”asecondtime4.表示时间、距离时，使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语 3.【考场演练】1)---Howwasyourweekend?(2012广东省中考)---Great!Itwasmygrandfather’s______birthday.Weenjoyedourselves.seventyB.seventiethC.theseventiethD.seventeenth2)DidyouknowthattheEarthishometo_____animals?(2013临沂市中考)A.millionB.millionsC.millionofD.millionsof3)Now,everyone,pleaseturntoPage______andlookatthe______picture.Twelve;fifthB.Twelfth;fifthC.Twelve;fiveD.Twelfth;five 四、冠词考题方向：单项选择中冠词部分的考查1.定冠词特指的概念——指上下文提到的人或事物；指被限定性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或事物；指说话双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物2.不定冠词泛指——第一次提及、指类别3.零冠词的用法——指类别(复数形式)、泛指的人或事物 4.【考场演练】1）---Whatdoyouthinkof______filmaboutZhanTianyou.---It’s______goodfilm.（2013天津）A.the;theB.a;theC.the;aD.a;a2)Lookat_______eraseronthefloor.Whoseisit?A.aB.anC.theD./3)---Whois_______maninablackhat?（2012甘肃兰州）---It’sJimBrown.Weoftenplay_______basketballtogetherinourfreetime.A.an;aB.a;/C.the;aD.the;/4)____Brownswerehavingdinnerwhenthetelephonerang.A.AB.AnC.TheD./5)Thechildrenstoodin_______circleanddancedtomusic.A.aB.anC.theD./ 2021/8/36.Inordertomakeitclear,Iwillgoupto____secondfloortoaskmyteacher___secondtime.A.the;aB.the;theC.a;theD.the; 五、介词考题方向：单项选择和完形填空1.介词的功用2.表时间的介词:on,in,at3.表地点和方位的介词:in，on,at,over,behind,infrontof,4.表示方式和手段或工具的介词with,in,by,5.介词to和动词不定式的toMakeacontributionto…;getusedto…;prefer…to…;lookforwardto…;payattentionto…6.固定短语和习惯搭配 【考场演练】1）Marthaisa________girl.Shealwayssmilesandsayshellotoothers.A.shyB.friendlyC.crazyD.healthy2)We’dbetterwait______moreminutes.IthinkJeffwillcomesoon.A.afewB.fewC.alittleD.little3)---Doyoulikewesternfood?(2011,内蒙古)---No.Thefoodofourcountryis______thatofwesterncountries.A.rathergoodthanB.muchbetterthanC.morebetterthanD.notsogoodas4）ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,the_____(容易)itbecomes.(2009,山东济宁)5)IthinkLiNaisa/an_______(amaze)tennisplayer. 6)Thisschoolbagisnotexpensive.Andthepriceofitisthe______ofthethree.A.lowestB.highestC.biggestD.smallest7)---HowisSusan?---Oh,shelivesabroad,soI______everseeher.A.hardlyB.greatlyC.clearlyD.nearly8)ThismorningJackcametoschool______than______studentinhisclass.A.muchlate;anyB.muchlate;anyotherC.muchlater;anyD.muchlater;anyother9)---IthinkEnglishis______French.---Idon’tagreewithyou.A.lesspopularthanB.themostpopularC.sopopularasD.asmorepopularas 七、动词和时态【考题方向】单项选择中动词和短语的语义辨析时态的辨析词语运用完形填空1.动词的分类及短语的类别2.动词的五种形式——原形、第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式、过去分词3.初中阶段的八种时态4.一般现在时的概念：经常性习惯性的动作和存在的状态；客观事实和普遍真理；主语具有的性质和特征5.现在完成时的概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响和结果；过去开始的某一动作，持续到现在并有可能延续下去 takeplace发生taketheplaceof代替takedown记录takeover接收，接管takeout=bringout拿出takeaway拿走takeoff（飞机）起飞；脱下takecare小心，当心takecareof照顾，关心taketurns依次，轮流takepridein以……为骄傲takepartin参加take/have/showaninterestin对……感兴趣takesomemedicine吃药 setout出发setoff出发setup=establish创立、建立（机构或组织）comeoncomealongcomeincomebackcomefromcomeover短暂造访；从远道而来comeacross（偶然）遇见、碰见cometruecomeupwith想起、找到答案、想出 keepawayfrom远离keepapromise遵守承诺keep……from阻止keepfit保持健康keepupwith追上、赶上=catchupwithkeepon坚持keepout/off使……在外；阻止，隔断，隔绝keepquietgotosleepgotoschool/workgotobedgohomegoontodo/doinggobackgoaway离开gothrough通过；仔细查看 8.【考场演练】1）---Youlooksotired.Whathappened?---I______latewritinganarticleforanewspaperyesterdayevening.(2013河南安阳一模)A.stayedupB.wokeupC.gotupD.pickedup2)---Whydidyoubuysomanyflowers?---Becausetodayisaspecialday.Myparents______fortwentyyears.(2012河南安阳一模)A.marriedB.gotmarriedC.havemarriedD.havebeenmarried3)Theoldmanwasverykindandhe______someofhismoneytopoorchildreninthecountry.A.ranawayB.gaveawayC.tookawayD.putaway 4)Thefactory______itswasteintotheriver,butnowitdealswiththewasteinanewway.A.usedtodumpB.isusedtodumpC.usedtodumpingD.isusedtodumping5)Thevolunteers______alotofhelptothecommunityfornearlytenyears.(2013上海中考)A.offeredB.willofferC.areofferingD.haveoffered6）I_______Mr.SmithsincehemovedtoShanghai.(2013北京中考)A.didn’thearfromB.don’thearfromC.won’thearfromD.haven’theardfrom 7)(2013潍坊市中考)---Guesswhat!IsawSallyinLondon.---Really?I______shewasinNewYork.A.wasthinkingB.thoughtC.thinkD.amthinking8)(2013宁波市中考)---Somanyproblems!I’msotired.---Youshouldtryto______thembyyourself.You’renotachildanymore.A.getoverB.getoffC.getonD.getinto 2021/8/39)---IhearSamhasgonetoQingdaoforhisholiday.---Oh,hownice!Doyouknowwhenhe___.A.leftB.wasleavingC.hadleftD.hadleft 八、被动语态【考题方向】单项选择中动词语态和时态的辨析词语运用完形填空1.被动语态的构成和用法ThewatchwasmadeinShanghai.Moretreesmustbeplanted.Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.2.含有短语动词的被动语态Weshouldtakegoodcareofthechildren.——Thechildrenshouldbetakengoodcareof.3.被动语态后动词形式的选择Weoftenhearthegirlsinginherroomintheevening.——Thegirlisoftenheardtosinginherroomintheevening. 4.needdoing=needtobedone1）(2013盐城市中考)Inthepastfewyears,thousandsoffilms______alloverChina.A.haveproducedB.havebeenproducedC.areproducingD.arebeingproduced2）(2012黄冈市中考)---Hey,Molly.You_______onthephonejustnow.Butyouweren’thereandthemanleftaphonenumber.---Oh?Iwasinthelibrary.A.wantedB.arewantedC.werewantedD.havewanted 3）---DoyouhaveJay’sCDs?---Sorry,theyare_______.Butwe’llgetsomemorenextweekbecausethey______.A.soldwell;areonsaleB.soldout;sellwellC.sellingwell;sellwellD.forsale;sellwell4)Thewaterintheriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust______dirtythingsinit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing5)Theyweremade_______dayandnightthosedays.A.workB.workedC.toworkD.makes 2021/8/36)---Doyouhaveanyproblemsifyou____thisjob?---Well,I"mthinkingabouttheworkingday.A.offerB.willofferC.willbeofferedD.areoffered7)---WillJennycometojoinustomorrow?---Shewon"tunlessshe____to.A.tellsB.hastoldC.istoldD.willbetold 【考场演练】1）---Whydon’tyougoouttoplay,Rose?---I’mafraidIcan’t.Ihavemuchhomework______.A.doB.doesC.doingD.todo2)Thedoctordidwhathecould_______thegirlwhowasbadlyhurtintheaccident.(2013兰州市中考)A.saveB.savingC.tosaveD.saves3）Wemustdoeverythingwecan______ourearthcleanerandsafer.A.madeB.makingC.makeD.tomake 4)Wehavesomanykindsofguitarsforyou________.A.tochooseB.tochoosefromC.tobechosenD.tobechosenfrom5)ManystudentsenjoythebookHarryPotter_______byJ.K,Rowling.A.writtenB.waswrittenC.wroteD.waswriting6）NeilArmstrong,thefirstman_______onthemoon,diedonAugust25,2012.A.landB.landedC.tolandD.landing7)连词成句e-mail,taught,to,grandpa,how,I,an,send_____________________________________. 十、主谓一致和倒装1.在下列结构中，谓语动词的形式和前面的A部分保持一致togetherwithalongwith(或with)besides(或but/except)aswellasA+includingB+谓语动词ratherthanlikeinadditionto2.anumberof…/thenumberof3.family——家庭，家人Myfamily______(be)havingdinner.Myfamilyisveryhappy.4度量、价格、时间、长度、的名词复数、词组作主语时，被看做是一个整体，谓语动词用单数Threeyearsisalongtime.5,000yuanisabigsumofmoney. 5.主语形式为复数而意义确为复数---news,works,politics,physics,6.以下结构谓语动词的数，取决于名词分数、百分数+名词allofmostofhalfoftherestof7.就近原则neither…noreither…ornotonly…butalsotherebe 8.倒装句9.下列的结构做主语表复数概念thepolicetheBlackstherich/poorthefamilypeople 【考场演练】1）Ifyoudon’tgotothecinematonight,_______.A.sowillIB.neitherdoIC.norshallID.soIwill2)Theboy,togetherwithhisparents_____(go)tothemuseumonceaweek.3)Nobody,butWangLinandLiLei,______(be)intheclassroomatthattime.4)Betweenthetwohills______adeepriver.A.areB.haveC.hasD.is5)Thepopulationoftheworld______still_______now.A.has;grownB.is;growingC.will;growD.is;grown6)There______atalkshowonＣＣＴＶ-4atninethisevening.A.willhaveB.isgoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.ishaving 十一、简单句、并列句和复合句1.简单句——陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句2.并列句3.状语从句、定语从句、宾语从句【考题范围】单项选择完形填空连词成句写作 【考场演练】1)---Ourclasswonthefirstprizeinthebasketballmatch.---_______excitingnews!A.HowB.WhatC.HowanD.Whatan2)---Couldyoutellme____?---No.Let"sgoandhavealook.Maybesomeoneishurt,andwecanhelphim.A.whatwashappenedthereB.whentheyaredoingthereC.whatisgoingonthereD.whyisthemanlyingthere 3)I’dliketoknow______.A.whenwillhegetbackhomeB.whetherhashereceivedhighereducationC.thathehadseenthefilmD.ifshewilljoininourEnglishevening4)You’llachievenothing______youworkhard.A.ifB.unlessC.whenD.assoonas5)---Willyougofishingwithyoufriends?---Yes.____itrainsheavily.A.IfB.UntilC.WhenD.Unless6)连词从句from,one,where,know,he,no,is______________________________. 2021/8/3写作议论文，又称说理文，通过事实材料和逻辑推理来阐明自己的观点，表明赞成什么或反对什么。一篇完整的议论文包括论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点---作者对议论的问题所持的看法或主张；论据---作者用来证明论点的理由和根据；论证---用论据证明论点的推理过程和方法。论证的方法有归纳法、演绎法、对照法等。议论文所用的时态较广，大多采用三段式---引言、正文和结论的结构。议论文的目的：说服读者为目的，达到令读者信服的目的。 2021/8/3【步骤与构思】步骤构思1开篇点题。分述大多数的观点---优点和长处2对照表述。分述少数人的观点---缺点和短处3结尾综述。简要表述你自己的观点（某件事的必要性和有益性） 2021/8/3【议论文常用语句】Ithink/believethat...Iagree/disagreethat...Ithinkitisfair/unfairforsb.to...Ithinksb.should/shouldn’t...because...Forexample,theyshould/shouldnot...because...Ontheonehand...Ontheotherhand...What’smore...Inmyopinion... 2021/8/3【典例剖析】在一堂英语课上，老师组织全体同学开展有关“做家务活”的议论。假如下表是你所做的小组讨论记录，请你根据这个记录用英语向全班同学做一个汇报。提示：1.汇报内容：你和同学所做的家务活；你对做家务的看法；2.词数：80左右；3.汇报的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dearclass,Goodmorning!Nowletmereportthediscussionworkinourgroup.....That’sall.Thanksforlistening!【思路点拨】时态：一般现在时；人称：第三人称与第一人称相结合；写作思路：先介绍材料提供的情况，努力阐述自己对做家务的看法；注意事项：文章结尾要干净利落，别忘记写清自己的观点。NameHouseworkWuJunCleanuprooms.JiaMeiHelpMomcookdinner.WangPingWashclothes.I... 2021/8/3【范文】Dearclass,Goodmorning!Nowletmereportthediscussionworkinourgroup.WuJuncleansuproomsattheweekendandJiaMeilikescookingdinnerwithhermother.WangPingsometimeswashesclothesforherfamily.Asforme,Iusuallyhelpmyfatherwatertheflowers.Inmyopinion,itisnecessaryforusstudentstodosomehousework.Bydoingit,wecanhelpourparentsandunderstandthembetter.We’llalsolearntotakecareofourselves.Besides,wecanrelaxourselvesfromhardworkanddevelopourabilities.That’sall.Thanksforlistening. 2021/8/3祝中考顺利成绩理想 2021/8/3 病史简介主诉：反复咳嗽3周余，发现右侧颌下肿物1周现病史：缘患者于今年7月初受凉后出现鼻塞流涕，咳嗽咯痰，7月10日出现低热，体温最高37.9℃，于香港当地治疗（不详）后，患儿咳嗽无缓解。7月19日家属发现患儿右侧颌下可扪及一枚肿物，伴咳嗽，随后患儿右颌下肿物逐渐增大，咳嗽加重，再次在香港当地医院就诊，查颈部B超：提示颈部淋巴结肿大伴部分液性坏死，未能排除结核可能。予口服抗生素治疗（用药不详），患儿症状无改善，现患儿右颌下肿痛明显，咳嗽仍重，痰多难咯，少许鼻塞流涕。 入院症见神清，精神可，低热，体温37.9℃，右颌下局部隆起，大小约5×6cm，触之疼痛，质地硬，活动度欠佳，局部肤温升高、肤色稍红，咳嗽，痰多，声嘶，少许鼻塞流涕，无气促鼻煽，无发绀，无呕吐，无腹痛腹泻等，纳欠佳，大便2日未解。起病以来无潮热盗汗，无进行性消瘦，无咯血，无皮疹等。舌红，苔白腻，指纹淡滞于风关。 查体右颌下肿物大小约5×6cm，触之疼痛，质地硬，活动度欠佳，局部肤温升高、肤色稍红，余浅表淋巴结未触及肿大。咽充血（++），双侧扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大，双肺呼吸音粗，可闻及少许干罗音，偶可闻及大中水泡音。心脏听诊未见异常。腹平软，无压痛、反跳痛，肝肋下1.5cm可及，质软边清，无压痛，脾肋下未及。 入院后主要检查结果血常规：WBC:27.80×10^9/L，GRAN％:61.5%，LYM％:27.6%，RBC:5.60×10^12/L，HGB:127g/L，PLT:854×10^9/L。血细胞分析：杆状核粒细胞:6%，分叶核粒细胞:62%，淋巴细胞:25%，单核细胞:7%。血沉:73mm/H，CRP:35.20mg/L。ASO:正常。肺炎支原体抗体:阳性1:80，抗结核抗体(TB):阴性。肝功正常，生化7项：BUN:1.65mmol/L，TCO2:21.2mmol/L，Na+:135mmol/L，K+:5.68mmol/L。尿常规：PRO:1+。29日复查尿常规正常。大便常规正常。 入院后主要检查结果B超：外院颈部B超：颈部淋巴结肿大伴部分液性坏死，未能排除结核可能。必要时行淋巴活检。肝胆脾B超未见异常胸片未见异常。人型PPD阴性。 病例特点患儿，男，1岁，因“反复咳嗽3周余，发现右侧颌下肿物1周”入院。以右侧颌下肿胀、疼痛、咳嗽为主要表现。查体：全身无皮疹及皮下出血点，右颌下肿物大小约5×6cm，触之疼痛，质地硬，活动度欠佳，局部肤温升高、肤色稍红，余浅表淋巴结未触及肿大。咽充血（++），双侧扁桃体Ⅱ度肿大，双肺呼吸音粗，可闻及少许干罗音，偶可闻及大中水泡音。外院颈部B超：颈部淋巴结肿大伴部分液性坏死，未能排除结核可能。血常规：WBC:27.80×10^9/L，GRAN％:61.5%。血沉:73mm/H，CRP:35.20mg/L。肺炎支原体抗体:阳性1:80，抗结核抗体(TB):阴性。 中医诊断依据四诊：低热，右颌下局部隆起，大小约5×6cm，触之疼痛，质地硬，活动度欠佳，局部肤温升高、肤色稍红。咳嗽，痰多，声嘶，少许鼻塞流涕。舌红，苔白腻，指纹淡滞于风关。中医诊断：1.痰火核（风热痰毒）2.咳嗽（痰热壅肺） 本病因外感六淫邪毒，侵入肌肤，邪毒流注于经脉，与内蕴之痰湿交结，致使营卫不和，邪郁化热，气血凝滞，经脉阻遏而成痰毒。发于颈部者，多因风热、风温之邪侵袭所致。目前辨证属于风热痰毒：有鼻塞流涕、咳嗽等风热症状，淋巴结明显肿大，质地坚硬、固定，推之不移，压之作痛。伴发热，纳呆，便秘。 证候：乃因外感风热，邪毒化热入里，与痰邪互结，瘀滞经脉，故淋巴结肿大明显，质坚压痛，推之不移。邪热内盛，正邪分争则发热。开始予牛蒡解肌汤加减。后咳嗽症状明显，改予三拗汤+牛蒡解肌汤加减。 目前主要中西医治疗中医：痰热清静滴四黄水蜜局部外敷中医以“疏风清热、解毒化痰、宣肺止咳”为法，拟方如下：连翘牛子桔梗甘草板蓝根柴胡夏枯草僵蚕浙贝花粉炙麻黄北杏西医静滴罗氏芬，口服希舒美 目前主要问题是否单纯细菌感染导致颌下淋巴结肿大是否合并结合感染是否需要行淋巴活检、CT检查以最后明确诊断。'