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'初中英语句子成分ppt(1)
概念:组成句子的各个部分,即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语,主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。
主语主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。
Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.形式主语真正主语It=thattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree
Therichshouldhelpthepoor.名词化的形容词
1.Doexerciseisgoodforyourhealth.2.Eattoomuchmeatisbadforyourhealth.V.不能做主语!
指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.介词不能作主语②Thereisanoldmancominghere.Thereisanappleonthetable.Anappleisthereonthetable.
③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday"shomeworkwithouttheteacher"shelpisverydifficult.
找出下面句子的主语1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.3.Cleaningthehouseneedsalotoftime.主语小测
单选:1.Marywithhertwodaughters_____goingtoShanghaiforExplo2010nextmonth.A.areB.wasC.isD.were2.____moreexercisedoesgoodtoyourhealth.A.DoB.DoesC.DidD.Doing3.____isimpossibletofinishthisjobbeforeWednesday.A.ThatB.ThisC.ItD.They
谓语:说明主语是什么,做什么或怎么样。由动词充当,主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。谓语动词存在多种时态,它是句子的核心。
Heisverygenerous.ShelooksverysmartandcoolWehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakGerman.
谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。Iloveyou!Theywenttosleepverylatelastnight.Hepractisesrunningeverymorning.
Theplanetookoffat10o’clock.Howoftendoyougoshopping?Whydidn’tyoucomebacklastnight?简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成
Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcough.Wearesudents.Thatideasoundsgreat!复合谓语:1.情态动词助动词+v2.系动词+adj.
Openthedoor,please!Goandgetsomewaterforme.Don’tlaughatothers!Don’tcomebacklatetonight.祈使句:1.省略主语you2.谓语动词用原形
找出下列句子的谓语①Idon"tlikethepictureonthewall.②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?
⑥Tomdidn"tdohishomeworkyesterday.⑧Wehadbettersendforadoctor.⑨Heisinterestedinmusic.⑩Whomdidyougivemybookto?11.Putawayyourbooksrightnow!
按要求找出下列句子的主谓:1.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.(主谓)2.Hebrokeapieceofglass.(谓)3.Don’tgetnervous,andhelpyourselftowhatyoulike.(主谓)4.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.(主谓)5.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.(主)6.Wouldyoupleasepassmethecup?(主谓)主谓小测祈使句,省略主语you
1.Itisdifficultforme______somuchworkwithinonenight.Canyouhelpme?A.finishB.finishingC.tofinishD.finished2.Johnwithtwoofhisfriends____toplaybasketballeverySundayafternoon.A.goB.wentC.goesD.gone单选:It’sadj.forsbtodosth.做某事对某人来说是……的形式主语真正的主语tofinish
3.__upearly,oryouwillmisstheearlybus.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets4.________upearlyisgoodforyourhealth.A.GotB.GetC.GettingD.Gets5.Wow!Thecaketastes_______!CanIhaveonemore?A.wellB.deliciouslyC.badD.good祈使句,谓语动词用原形动名词做主语感官动词+adj.
表语:说明主语是说明或怎么样,由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。它的位置在系动词后面。
形容词作表语Youlookyoungerthanbefore.名词作表语Myfatherisateacher.副词作表语Everyoneishere.介词短语作表语Theyareatthetheatre.不定式作表语MyjobistoteachthemEnglish.动名词作表语Herjobistrainingthenurses.从句作表语Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.
宾语:表示动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么,通常放在谓语动词后面。有时,会有双宾语。
如:名词作宾语Heneverforgivesothersfortheirmistakes.代词做宾语Heoftenhelpsme.不定式作宾语Helikestosleepintheopenair.动名词作宾语TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.从句做宾语Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.
直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语,宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外,还需要有一个间接宾语,间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的,所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如:Webroughtthemsomefood.主谓间宾直宾间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面,但必须加to或for。
宾语的补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个巨资的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.
名词作宾补Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.形容词作宾补Don’tmakeyourhandsdirty.副词作宾补WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.介词短语作宾补Makeyourselfathome.省略to的不定式作宾补Isawagirlgointothebuilding.带to的不定式作宾补Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.现在分词作宾补Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.过去分词作宾补Yesterdayhegothislegbroken.
在英语中,常见的“宾语+宾语补足语”的结构有:“宾语+名词”。常用于改结构的动词有:call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave等。WecallhimJack.TheymadeLiLeitheirmonitor.▲“宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want等。如:Doyouthinkhisideawrong?Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.Wecan’tleavehimalone.CanyougeteverythingreadyforthepartybeforeFriday?
“宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态,与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有:down,up,here,there,home,in,out,anywhere等。如:Lethimin/out.Mr.Lidroveushome.Whengotthere,wefoundhimout.▲“宾语+介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语(即宾语)所处的状态,两者有主表的关系。如:Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Weregardhimasourgoodfriend.Heopenedthedoorandfoundsomeofhisfriendsintherain.
“宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种:A要求带to的不定式Thecoolwaterofthelakeinvitedustoswim.B要求不带to的不定式let,make,see,hear,watch等Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.IoftenhearhimreadEnglishinhisroom.C单词help后可加to或不加toShesometimeshelpshermother(to)dohousework.▲“宾语+现在分词”。现在分词作宾补,此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语,有着主谓关系。Isawthemplayingontheplayground.IheardMarysingingintheclassroom.▲“宾语+过去分词”。宾语和宾补之间是被动关系,过去分词表示被动和完成。Ihadmybikestolen.Theteacherexplainedagainandagaintomakehimselfunderstood.
形式宾语+形容词WefounditimpossibletogettherebeforeSaturday.▲宾语+what从句Callmewhatyoulike.Mr.Lihasmadethefactorywhatitistoday.Themountainvillageisdifferentfromwhatitwastenyearsago.
宾语:动宾表示行为的对象,放在及物动词或者介词之后。IlikeChina.Hehatesyou.Howmanydoyouneed?WeneedtwoWeshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.IenjoyworkingwithyouIhopetoseeyouagain.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?
Heisafraidofher--hisheadteacher.Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.介词后面的宾语:介宾注意:人称代词要用宾格Idecidedtogowith_______.A.heB.hisC.herD.theyE.she
Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.间接宾语(sb)+直接宾语(sth):双宾
IthinkithardtofinishthisdifficultjobbeforeSunday.形式宾语真正宾语
①Mybrotherhasn’tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourjob.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?找出下列句子的宾语
5.Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?6.Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.7.Theymadehimmonitoroftheclass.8.Goacrossthebridgeandyouwillfindthemuseumontheleft.9.Theythinkitimpossibletogettothestationinsuchashorttime.
定语:用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、从句充当。单词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或句子作定语放在被修饰才之后。
定语定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的,而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语,所以定语的位置很灵活,凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。
形容词作定语Theblackbikeismine.代词作定语What’syourname?名词作定语Theymadesomepaperflowers.介词短语作定语TheboysintheroomareinClassThree,GradeOne.不定式作短语Ihavelotstoeatanddrink.从句作定语ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.
在英语中,并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词的前面,有的是放在被修饰词的后面,故称“后置定语”。▲修饰不定代词something,anything,nothing,something,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody的定语必须后置。如:We’llgotohavesomethingEnglish.Ifyoudon’tknowtheanswer,asksomeoneelse.Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellme?▲介词短语作定语时要后置。如:Doyouknowtheboybehindthetree?Thestudentsintheroomareallmyfriends.Ithinkthepictureontheleftisbetterthantheoneontheright.
▲动词的不定式作定语时要后置Whataboutsomethingtodrink?IhavenotimetotraveltoChinaisinAutumnorinSpring.注动词不定式作主语时,to后面的动词必须是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语。如果时短语时,那么与动词搭配的介词或副词是不能少的。Doyouhaveanypieceofmusictolistento?▲nearby,below,downstairs等个别方位词作定语时要后置。如:Weareatthetopofthehill.Canyouseethevillagebelow?Thepeopledownstairsarelisteningtoatalknow?Theytooktheboytothehospitalnearbyatonce.
状语:用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、方式、程度等等。通常由副词、介词短语、不定式或句子充当。(若在同一句子中出现多个不同状语,常见的4个的顺序为:方式状语、目的状语、地点状语、时间状语。)
状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式,从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。状语一般放在句末,但有时也可以放在句首、句中。如:HediditcarefullyTheymissedmeverymuch.Withouthishelp,wecouldn’tworkitout.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.WhenIwasyoung,Icouldswimwell.
※副词作状语的位置:①放在句中修饰动词,通常是be动词之后,实义动词之前,助动词和实义动词之间,如usually,often,sometime,seldom,never,also,only,ever,still……②放在句末修饰动词,如verymuch,alot,quickly,fast,high,slowly……③修饰形容词或副词时反复在它们前面,如verygood,soearly……④有的副词在句子中位置灵活,如already,only,sometime……这些应该都是要掌握的,是我们学校的英语老师总结的,在英语复习书上作为语法精讲,我把一些例子删去了,希望能够帮到你。
(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分,4分钟)① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today"s homework without the teacher"s help is very difficult.
(二).选出句中谓语的中心词(10分,10分钟)① I don"t like the picture on the wall. A. don"t B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast⑥ Tom didn"t do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didn"t C. do D. his homework⑦ What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is⑧ We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor⑨ He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music⑩ Whom did you give my book to? A. give B. did C. whom D. book
三)挑出下列句中的宾语(10分,10分钟)①My brother hasn"t done his homework.A B C D② People all over the world speak English.A B C D③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.A B C D④ How many new words did you learn last class?A B C D⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?A B C D⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.A B C D⑦ They made him monitor of the class.A B C D⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.A B C D⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.A B C D⑩ They didn"t know who "Father Christmas" really is.A B C D
((四)挑出下列句中的表语(5分,5分钟)① The old man was feeling very tired.A B C D② Why is he worried about Jim?A B C D③ The leaves have turned yellow.A B C D④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.A B C D⑤ She was the first to learn about it.A B C D
(五)挑出下列句中的定语(6分,6分钟)① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.A B C D② What is your given name?A B C D③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A B C D④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.A B C D⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A B C D⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!A B C D
(六)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分,6分钟)① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. A B C D② He asked her to take the boy out of school.A B C D③ She found it difficult to do the work.A B C D④ They call me Lily sometimes.A B C D⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B C D⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?A B C D
(七)挑出下列句中的状语(8分,8分钟)①There was a big smile on her face.A B C D② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A B C D③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.A B C D④ The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.A B C D ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.A B C D⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.A B C D⑦ I am afraid that if you"ve lost it, you must pay for it.A B C D⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.A B C D
(八)划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分,5分钟)① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me?
第二单元我和长辈之间复习题
一、填空。1、家庭是我们成长的____。每个人都向往家庭____、生活幸福。2、长辈的眼神、动作、话语等,都包含着____和____,流露出浓浓的亲情。3、不论何时,不论____,我们都要牢记:父母是我们生命中最____的人。4、父母也是平凡的人,他们在生活中有快乐,也有____和____。5、我们有责任帮助父母减轻____和____,让我们的家庭天天充满欢声笑语。6、学做小小调解员,帮助家庭____好烦心的事情,也是为家庭尽力____责任的表现。
7、如果我们能在自己与父母之间搭起一座心灵的桥,使我们与父母的心灵____,我们与父母之间就会变得更____、更亲密。8、用亲情融化____,化解____;用亲情使我们与父母情相依,___相通。9、长辈对我们的成长寄予了深切的____,给予了无微不至的____。10、让我们怀着一颗感恩的心,____父母,____父母。11、我们一天天长大,父母的____在我们心中越积越厚。12、爸爸妈妈都很爱我,为我付出了很多___和___,但是他们经常因为我的教育问题而产生___。
二、辨析说理。1、小芳想:我只要把学习成绩搞好了,就是关心和体贴了父母。这种想法对吗?为什么?2、小刚说:做家务活是大人的事,与我们小孩无关。小刚的话对吗?为什么?答:不对。因为把学习搞好只是关心体贴父母的一个方面。关心体贴父母还要为父母分忧,做一些力所能及的家务活。答:不对。因为做一些力所能及的家务活是关心体贴父母的表现。3、每当父母吩咐后,小明才勉强干一点家务;不提醒,不催促他就不干。小明这样做对吗?为什么?
三、问答。1、说说你是怎样关心体贴自己父母的?答:①关心体贴父母首先要了解父母、亲近父母,对父母有一颗感恩的心;②关心体贴父母还要处理好自己的事情,不给父母添麻烦;③关心体贴父母要帮家里做一些力所能及的家务活,处理好家庭的烦心事,减少家庭矛盾。2、当我们与父母发生矛盾时,我们应该怎么做呢?答:当我们与父母发生矛盾时,我们要学会和父母沟通,站在父母的角度设身处地为他们着想,这样来化解矛盾。
3、你和爸爸妈妈发生过碰撞吗?谈谈当你与爸爸妈妈发生碰撞时是怎样做的?今后打算怎样做?答:发生过。和爸妈发生矛盾时,我赌气不理爸妈。今后打算这样做:①遇事不隐瞒,多和父母沟通。②对待父母的误会,心平气和的解释。③有想法时,先征求爸妈的意见,然后再做决定。
再见886'
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