最新剑桥国际英语教程interchange-2b-unit10(完整版)课件PPT.ppt 42页

'剑桥国际英语教程interchange-2b-unit10(完整版) Partone:Lead-inP678WordPower:Personalitytraits(Character)Descibethesepeople"spersonaltraits: aggressive,mighty,efficient,independent,creative,critical,level-headed,bossy BPairworkTellyourpartneraboutpeopleyouknowwiththesepersonalitytraitsandhowaboutyourself"Myneighborisbad-tempered.Sometimesshe..." CListentofourconversations.Thenchecktheadjectivethatbestdescribeseachperson.Tips:1.lightenup:makelighterorbrighteroutof:from2.co-worker:colleague3.kindof:alittleinagoodmood;inaterriblemood4.befedupwith:betiredofgetupset:getannoyedAns:1.serious2.generous3.moody4.badtempered Parttwo:P69ReadingFindthejobthat"srightforyou!BestJobsbasedonpersonalitytypesTherealistictype:practical,likesworkingwithmachinesandtoolsJobs:restaurantcook,busdriver,mechanic[mə"kænɪk],engineerTheinvestigativetype:curious,likestolearn,analyze,situations,andsolveproblems.Jobs:veterinarian[ˌvetərɪˈneəriən],pharmacist,detective,systemsanalystTheartistictype:imaginative,likestoexpresshimselfofherselfbycreatingart.Jobs:clothingdesigner,architect,interiordecorator,novelist Thesocialtype:friendly,likeshelpingortrainingotherpeople.Jobs:highschoolcoach,child-careworker,counselor,teacherTheenterprisingtype:outgoing,likestopersuadeorleadotherpeopleandmakedecisionsJobs:flightattendant,lawyer,businessmanager,salespersonTheconventionaltype:careful,likestofollowroutinesandkeeptrackofdetails.Jobs:airtrafficcontroller,accountant,administrator CGroupworkWhatpersonalitytypedoyouthinkyouare?TherealistictypeTheinvestigativetypeTheartistictypeThesocialtypeTheenterprisingtypeTheconventionaltype Partthree:P64Conversation:Ineedajob!Tips:broke:withoutmoney;poordoor-to-doorsalesperson:someonewhogoesfromhousetohousesellingproductsdiaper:underwearforbabiesoryoungchildrenchecksth.out:lookinto;getmoreinformationentertainmentdirector:apersoninchargeoftheentertainmentcruiseships:alargeluxuryboatthatmakeslongjourneysatsea:travelingontheoceanIdon"tmind:...doesn"tbotherme. PartBListentoBradcallaboutthejob.tips:beavailable:Ifsomethingyouwantorneedisavailable,youcanfinditorobtainit.ans:Thejobrequiressomeonewhospeaksmorethanonelanguage. 1SNAPSHOTP641Bookclosed.Makealistofallthejobsyouknow.2.Whichjobskillsdoyouthinkareimportanttoday?3.Bookopen.Readtheinformationinthesnapshot. Somejobs:fashiondesignerflightattendantdirectorarchitectveterinarianpharmacistairtrafficcontrolleraccountanttourguidelawyercoachchild-careworkerbaby-sistercomposeraerobics[eəˈrəʊbɪks]instructorpolitician[ˌpɑlɪˈtɪʃən]TVreportercounselorgossipcolumnist[ˈkɒləmnɪst]interiordecorator[ˈdekəreɪtə(r)] WorkingskillsExcellentabilityofsystematicalmanagementAbilitytoworkindependently,matureandresourceful机智的Workwellwithamulti-culturalanddiverseworkforceStrongleadershipskillsAbilitytoworkwellwithothersTheabilitytoinitiate[ɪ"nɪʃɪeɪt]andoperateindependentlyBehighlyorganizedandeffecientGoodpresentationskillsHavinggoodandextensivesocialconnectionsWithgoodanalytical[ˌænəˈlɪtɪkl]capability 11WritingAcoverletterforajobapplication一、Definition:Acoverletteriswhatapplicantspresenttheirenthusiasmtothisjobactively.Inshort,resumeandsomecertificatesarenecessaryinajob,butacoverletterisadditionalandawaytochasethechanceforinterviewing.二、Theformatandwritingpoints:Title:AcoverletterforajobapplicationAppellation[ˌæpəˈleɪʃn](称呼）：Therecipient’s[rɪˈsɪpiənt]nameandposition.Contents:alwaysthreetofourparagraphpartone:thepostyouareapplyingandhowdoyouknowtheapplicationinformation Parttwo:stateyourskillsanddescribehowmuchyouknowaboutthecompany.Presenthowyoucansatisfyrequirementsofthecompanyandstressthecontributionyou’llmake.Partthree:Presentthatyouarewillingtohaveaninterviewandwanttogettherespondassoonaspossible.Youshouldgiveoutyourcontactway.（4）Sign:yournameandthedate.Thesignatureshouldbewrittenbyyourselfanddateunderit. 三、HowtomakeacoverletterStep1:JobanalysisYoushouldfullyunderstandtheadofthispostandlistoutsomepostrequirements.ListouttherequirementsofthispostA:___________________B:___________________C:___________________Andsomerequirementsarenotlisted:A:___________________B:___________________C:___________________ Step2Listtheemployees’needwithyourskillsListouttherequirementsofthispost:Yourabilityandexperiences:A:___________________A___________________B:___________________B:___________________C:___________________C:___________________Andsomerequirementsarenotlisted:Yourabilityandexperiences:A:___________________A:___________________B:___________________B:___________________C:___________________C:___________________ Step3NoteanythingyourpersonalinterestinthisjobStep4YourtopskillstomentioninthefirstopeningStep5CreatetheopeningsentenceTheHRaremostwillingtoknowtherelatedexperiencesofthisjob,forexample:“Threeyearsworkingin…”Step6InsertyourskillsTwoways:(1)Listouttherequirementsofthispost:Yourabilityandexperiences:A:___________________A___________________B:___________________B:___________________C:___________________C:___________________Andsomerequirementsarenotlisted:Yourabilityandexperiences:A:___________________A:___________________B:___________________B:___________________C:___________________C:___________________ Two:Thepostrequirement:A__________________TheskillandexperienceIobtainA___________________Thepostrequirement:B___________________TheskillandexperienceIobtainB__________________Thepostrequirement:(notlisted)C__________________TheskillandexperienceIobtainC__________________Step7Addanythingpersonalizeyourletter 四、Thenotes:1、nottoowordy2、don’trepeatsomanytimes3、notsubstantial4、don’tlimitthedatetorespond5、don’tfixtheobligation6、nottooarrogant7、nottooformula8、notclear9、careless:somemistakesofgrammarandwords AcoverletterforajobapplicationHelenWangRm,Uni1orBulidingNo.48Haidian,Beijing,PRC,10087186-13886-01082600749Dec,9th,2004ToPhoenix[ˈfi:niks]菲尼克斯TV:DearMissZhangYourrecruitingadvertisementforAdministrativeAssistantonyourwebsiteisofgreatintereststome.Withasoundeducationbackgrounddemonstratedandakeendesiretobepartofaprofessionalfirm,Iamsubmittingmyresumeandwishtoapplyforthepositionreferredabove.Inadditontomyacademicexcellent,myvariousaptitudes(才能)displayedinextra-curriculumactivitiescombinedwithfluentEnglishabilityaswellasproficientcomputerskillspreparemeaqualifiedcandidate.IholdthebeliefthatIwillmakepositivecontributiontoyourcompany. BachelordegreeoraboveCandidatewithInternetEnglishExperiencepreferredBegoodatschemingandorganizingexperiencefornewsprogrametc.BegoodatkeepalongwithyourcustomersorpotentialonesMasterofArtsinEnglishfromPekingUniversitywithcompetitivebackgroundIntermshipexperienceindifferentorganizationsasTeacherorAssistantwithplentyofeditingexperienceGotlotsofcapability[ˌkeɪpə"bɪlətɪ]asasuperiors,privateassistantandpatientheartGoodatsettingupaharmoniousrelationshipwithothersinashorttimeYourequireIoffer PossessasoundbackgroundincomposingandwritingHard-working,responsible,patient,andcooperativeBeadeptatbusinesspaper"swritinginbothChineseandEnglishPossessstrongexpressionandlearningabilityandafantasticteamplayerandpeopleperson ThankyoufortimeandconsiderationandIanticipatetheopportunitytomeetwithyoutofurturediscussmyqualificationandyourneeds.Withenthusiasticallypersonalregards,Sincerelyyours,HelenWANGEnclosure 5LISTENINGJobhuntingP66AListentopeopletalkaboutthekindofworktheyarelookingfor.Checkthejobthatwouldbebestforeachperson.tips:jobhunting:lookingforajobmakeupone"smind:makeadecisionbestuckin:beimmersed[ɪ"mɜ:s]inmakegoodmoneyatthispoint:atthisverymomentstuff:thingmedicalschoolnine-to-fivejobbreakinto:overcomethedifficultiestodosth.inthemeantime:inthemeanwhile AnsA1flightattendant2doctor3modelB1He"snotinterestedinmakingalotofmoney.2Everyoneinherfamilyisinlaworbusiness.3Hehasworkedout/gonetothegym,takenactinglessons,andjusthadpicturestaken. 7INTERCHANGE10DreamjobP66Pinterchange10MarketingManagerPersonalAssistantActivitiesDirectorNowwe"llhaveaninterview Thankyou! 食管癌患者的护理 基本概述食道癌(别名：食管癌英文：esophaguscancer)是常见的消化道肿瘤，全世界每年约有30万人死于食管癌。我国是世界上食管癌高发地区之一，男多于女，发病年龄多在40岁以上。食管癌的人群分布与年龄、性别、职业、生活环境、饮食生活习惯、遗传易感性等有一定关系。典型症状为进行性咽下困难，先是难咽干的食物，继而是半流质食物，最后水和唾液也不能咽下。 解剖、生理概要为一肌性管道，长约25-28cm由黏膜、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜构成位于胸骨后、胸椎前有三处生理性狭窄：第一处在环状软骨下缘平面第二处在主动脉弓水平位第三处在食管下端生理功能：吞咽食物至胃及消化道 食管癌发病的相关因素亚硝胺类：亚硝胺类化合物是一种很强的致癌物质，研究表明食管癌高发区林县食用酸菜的居民，胃液、尿液中存在有诱发食管癌的甲基苄基亚硝胺、亚硝基吡咯烷、亚硝基胍啶。并发现食用酸菜量和食管癌发病率成正比。食管粘膜的损伤：长期喜进烫食、粗食，饮浓茶，多食辣椒等刺激性食物可引起食管粘膜损伤、引起食管粘膜增生间变，也可能是致癌因素之一。吸烟、饮烈性酒与食管癌发病有一定关系。各种长期不愈的食管炎可能是食管癌的癌前病变。霉菌致癌因素：用霉变食品可以诱发小鼠食管和胃的癌前病变或鳞状上皮癌。这类霉菌与亚硝胺促癌有协同作用。微量元素和营养不良：食道癌高发区人群中血清钼、发钼、尿钼及食管癌组织中的钼都低于正常。林县食管癌高发区水土中缺少钼，钼的抑癌作用被多数学者证实。营养不良摄入动物蛋白不足和维生素AB2C缺乏是食管癌高区居民饮食的共同特点但大多营养不良的高发地区食管癌并不高发故这不可能是一个主导因素遗传因素：食管癌具有显著的家族聚集现象，高发区连续三代或三代以上患病家族屡见不鲜，但食管癌绝对不存在遗传，而是于家庭饮食习惯有密不可分的关系。 病理形态分型髓质型：约占70%，恶性程度高蕈伞型：约占10溃疡型：约占2.8%缩窄型（硬化型）：约占4.8%组织学分型鳞状细胞癌：最多见。腺癌：较少见，又可分为单纯腺癌、腺鳞癌、粘液表皮样癌和腺样囊性癌。未分化癌：较少见，但恶性程度高。食管上、中段癌肿绝大多数为鳞状细胞癌，食管下段癌肿则多为腺癌。 临床表现1.吞咽哽噎或吞咽困难是食管癌的最主要和突出的表现，即使早期患者也会有吞咽不适，常被误为食管损伤。随后出现进行性吞咽困难，先对固体食物而后进半流质、流质饮食亦有困难。2.咽下疼痛早期进食时发生胸骨后灼痛、刺痛，摄入刺激性食物（过热、酸性、辛辣）时更明显。晚期可有放射痛，而持续性、穿透性胸背部疼痛，应疑为癌组织外侵或椎体转移。3.反流与呕吐随着肿瘤的发展，食管腔阻塞、食物残渣潴留，出现反流与呕吐，呕吐物多为食物、唾液、粘液的混合物，有时有血迹、溃烂组织。4.其他随病情发展患者逐渐会出现恶病质，癌组织侵犯喉返神经出现声音嘶哑、呛咳，晚期还会出现咯血、反复不愈的肺炎、肺脓肿（食管一气管瘘）。 诊断X线钡餐造影：常用、阳性率高CT检查：了解侵犯与淋巴转移细胞刷片食管拉网检查：早期普查90-95%纤维食管胃镜检查：直视肿瘤、取组织、病检 治疗原则手术治疗（根治性手术、不经胸食管钝性剥脱术、胸腔镜、姑息性手术）放射治疗（术前放疗、术后放疗、单纯性根治性放疗、姑息性放疗)化学治疗免疫治疗 常见的护理问题营养失调：低于机体需要量进行性咽下困难，摄入量不足。咽部疼痛。化疗及放疗所致食欲下降。疼痛癌肿糜烂、溃疡。食管炎。纵隔被癌细胞侵犯。预感性悲哀疾病晚期，对治疗失去信心。预感绝望，对生活失去兴趣。潜在并发症感染、出血、乳糜胸 食管癌的健康教育1.继续坚持戒烟?戒酒,加强呼吸功能锻炼.2.克服不良饮食习惯。不要吃“滚烫”的热茶、咖啡、热粥等。进食时应细嚼慢咽，切忌狼吞虎咽。不要吃坚硬、粗糙食物。养成定时、定量进食的习惯。讲究口腔卫生，经常刷牙漱口，最好养成饭后刷牙的习惯。国外有专家指出，饭后5至10分钟内刷牙对人体健康有益3.告诉病人严格遵照医嘱,坚持治疗,如有乏力?脱发?虚弱或白细胞下降,应及时就医.4.定期门诊复查,严格服药.5.坚持功能锻炼,掌握活动量,避免疲劳,保证充分睡眠6、适当补充维生素及微量元素。7、保持良好的精神状态。 谢谢'