最新水产养殖水质调控2课件PPT.ppt 37页

'水产养殖水质调控2 1.6.1MainfactorsaffectingwaterqualityChemistry:工业，农业，人为活动Biology:D.O，PH 1.6.2Methosofwaterqualitycontrol养殖水体水质调控方法1.6.2.1ChemicalcontrolUsechemicalstocontrolPHandtoxic(有毒）gas. 1.6.3Biologicalcontrolofwaterquality养殖水体水质生物调控措施1.6.3.1Obsercationofcolorandtransparency水色和透明度观察——“看水”Thefishermanobservethepondwatermainlyabout渔民看水主要依据1.watercolor(waterexpression)水色(水华) （1）Therelationshipbetweenwatercolorandplantplankton（Table1-1）PigmentColorAlgaechlorophyllgreengreenalgae,euglenayellowpigmentyellow,yellow-browndiatom,goldenalgae,dinoflagellate,Cryptomanasphycobilinleucocyanblue,blue-greenbluealgaerhodophyllpurplebluealgae （2）Watercolor(waterexpression)inrichwater肥水“水华”类型Thephenomenonthatthewatershowsevidentcolorowingtothemasspropagationofplantplanktoniscallwaterexpression.Itcanbedividedintothefollowtypesaccordingtoitsapperance（Table1-2）: TypeofwaterexpressionWaterappearanceThecompositionofalgaeWaterevaluationsolutionnon-flagellateevenandstablestablewatercloudinessflagellatelight-andshadegoodwaterbutwiththedangerofgoingbadmembranaceousbluealgaewithsimulatedvacuolecoveredthewatersurfaceGoodandbadareallpossible （3）Judgethewaterqualitybyit"scolorandexpression（Table1-3）根据水色、水华类型判断水质waterqualitygradewatercolorwaterexpressiontypegoodwaterbrown,yellow-brown,green-browncloudiness,solution-likebadwaterblue、purplemembranaceouscommonwatergreensolution-like 2.transparency透明度（1）Watertransparencyandthephytoplankton透明度与浮游植物的关系（2）Watertransparencyandthewaterfertility透明度与水体肥度（Table1-4） WaterfertilitytransparencyplantplanktonamountwatercolorHighunfertilewate>100<5nocolorUnfertilewater100-505-10alittlecolorFertilewater50(40)-2010(20)-100tintedHighfertilewater20-10100-200richcolorUsedoutwater<10>200veryrichcolor 3.Observationofwaternutrition水体肥瘦与水质判别IiiWaterfertilityandthewaterquality:fertilized,circulating,fresh,cleanThemeaingoffertilized,circulating,freshandcleaninbiology肥、活、嫩、爽 Thegoodwaterinfisherman"seyeishighsummarizeasthefourwords.Thisismuchmorecomprehensivethanonlyjudgethewaterbyitscolor.However,thereactuallyhasanconceptofbiologicalmeaningofthefourwords.It"squiteessentialtomakethisclearbytestthespeciesandquantityoftheplantplankton.（1）Fertility.Theconceptoffertilewaterisnotunifiednow.someaccordingtothenutritivesaltsandanddissolvedorganicmatterquantity,someaccordingtotheamountofplankton.Butinafisherman"seye,thesignoffertilewateristherichcolorofit,whichmeansthequantityofplantplankton.(2)circulatingmeanstherearechangesofwatercolorandtransparency(3)freshmeansthewaterisfertilizeandvigorous.(4)cleanthepremiseisfresh,whichmeanstheplantplanktonisgrowing,andthesametimethereisfewothersuspendedsolidslikemudinthewater. wecanseethebiologicalstandardofthewaterforfishcultivationinafisherman"seye:A.Thequantityofplantplanktonshouldbe20-100milligramperliter.浮游植物量20－100毫克/升B.ManyFlagellatae,fewsmall-sizebluealgae.鞭毛藻类较多，小型蓝藻较少C.Thealgaecommunityinagrowingperiodandnosenescenceofthecell.藻类种群处于增长期，细胞未老化D.Nottoomuchsuspendedsubstanceexceptplankton.浮游生物以外的其它悬浮物不过多 1.6.3.2RegulationofWaterFertility水体肥度调控Thefertilityofbreedingwatermainlydependsonthequantityofphytoplankton;morephytoplanktonmeansfertile,whilelessphytoplanktonmeanspoor.Sothewaternameddifferentlyaccordinglyasfertilewater,poorwater,oldwater,andevengoodwater(intermsofquality).Theregulationofwaterfertilityforincreasingspecies’yieldjustobeythegroundrulesasfollows. 1.Makingpoorwaterbecomefertile廋水变肥Reasonsforbeingpoor:(1)lackofnutritionalsalt;(2)phytoplanktonhasbeenintakenbyzoonplankton.Watercontrol:Addfertilizer(Organicornon-organic)ornutritionalsalt(nitrogenandphosphorus) 2.Notlettingfertilewaterbecomeold肥水不老Inoldwaterphytoplanktonovermultiply.Andthewaterislackofnutritivesaltandlightsophotosynthesiscannotworkproperly.Oldwateristhewaterinwhichphytoplanktoncellbecomesold.Watercontrol:Ataround10amofsunnyday,use（1PPM）CuSO4tokillgreenalgae.Ataround5pm,drainhalfofthepondandrefillwithnewwater. 3.Oldbecomesgood老水转好Goodwatermustbefertilewater,whichmeansthattherearesufficientphytoplanktonasprimaryproducertobeeatenbyraisedanimalsandbaitanimals,inthemeantime,theycanofferoxygentowater.Butfertilewaterdoesn’tequaltogoodwater.Watercontrol:Whencolorturnsdarkgreen(with25cmoftransparency),replace1/3ofwaterinpond. DiscussionMethodsofwaterqualitycontrol. Thankyourlistening 痈疡外痈—邪壅肌表内痈—邪结脏腑消—痈疡初期，脓未成托—痈疡中期，正虚毒盛，不能托毒外出补—痈疡后期，毒去正虚，脓水清稀，久不收口阳痈、阴疽肺痈、肠痈辨别寒热虚实，以逐瘀排脓、散结消肿为基本大法 散结消痈——仙方活命饮托里透脓——透脓散补虚敛疮——内补黄芪汤分类 使用注意1、痈疡脓已成，不宜只用消法，应配合外治法。2、痈疡中期，可用透脓之法，若毒邪炽盛，又应侧重清热解毒。3、痈疡后期，疮疡已溃，毒邪未尽，勿过早用补法。 仙方活命饮《校注妇人良方》红肿焮痛身热凛寒苔薄白或黄脉数有力痈疡肿毒初起热毒内壅气滞血瘀痰结 佐白芷、防风—透达营卫，疏风解表，散结消肿山甲、皂刺—通行经络，决痈溃坚可使脓成即溃花粉、贝母—清热化痰排脓，可使未成即消仙方活命饮《校注妇人良方》君金银花—清热解毒，消痈散结臣当归尾、赤芍乳香、没药行气通络，活血散瘀橘皮消肿止痛使甘草—清热解毒，调和诸药 仙方活命金银花，防芷归陈穿山甲贝母花粉兼乳没，草芍皂刺酒煎佳一切痈疡能溃散，溃后忌服用勿差 五味消毒饮《医宗金鉴》火初起局部红肿毒痈发热疼痛或发热恶寒热毒蕴蒸肌肤结疮各种疔毒疮形如粟气血凝滞经络聚疔坚硬根深，状如铁钉之毒舌红苔黄脉数清消君银花—清气血热毒热散臣地丁、紫背天葵清热解毒解疔并能凉血散结消肿毒疮蒲公英、野菊花佐使酒—行血脉，以助药力 四妙勇安汤《验方新编》热毒化火患肢红肿，灼热且痛火毒内阻热毒脱疽溃烂腐臭，发热口渴血行不畅炽盛舌红脉数瘀滞筋脉君银花—（重用）清热解毒清热解毒臣玄参—泻火解毒活血止痛佐当归—活血散瘀使甘草—配银花加强清热解毒之力 犀黄丸《外科全生集》乳岩，横痃热毒火瘀热毒痰瘀壅滞证累疠，流注痰瘀壅滞肺痈、小肠痈解君犀黄—清热解毒，化痰散结毒消活臣麝香—窜通消散，活血开壅痈血化祛佐乳香、没药—活血祛瘀、消肿定痛痰瘀黄米饭—调养胃气以妨碍胃散结使酒—活血行血加速药效 阳和汤《外科证治全生集》局部漫肿无头皮色不变酸痛不热口淡不渴舌淡苔白，脉沉细或贴骨疽、脱疽流注、痰核、鹤膝风等。阴疽证素体阳虚营血不足寒凝痰滞闭阻于筋骨、肌肉、血脉 阳和汤《外科证治全生集》温阳补血散寒通滞君熟地—滋阴补血，填精益髓鹿角胶—补肾助阳，强壮筋骨臣姜炭—温中，破阴通阳肉桂—温通血脉佐麻黄—发越阳气,开泄腠理,以散肌表之寒凝白芥子—祛寒痰湿滞，可达皮里膜外使甘草—调和诸药，解毒. 苇茎汤《备急千金要方》身有微热，咳嗽痰多热痰肺咳吐腥臭脓血毒瘀痈胸中隐隐作痛壅互舌红苔黄脉滑数肺结君苇茎—清肺热“善治肺痈，吐脓血臭痰”臣冬瓜仁—清热化痰，利湿排脓与君药相和清肺宣壅，涤痰排脓薏苡仁—上清肺热而排脓下利肠胃而渗湿佐桃仁—活血逐瘀，润燥滑肠逐瘀排脓清肺化痰 右下腹疼痛拒按或右侧腿足屈而不伸伸则痛甚，甚则局部肿痞舌苔黄腻，脉滑数或时时发热，自汗恶寒大黄牡丹汤《金匮要略》肠痈初起湿热血瘀湿热郁滞之肠痈初起 大黄牡丹汤《金匮要略》君大黄—泻肠中湿热郁结，祛肠中稽留之瘀血桃仁—性善破血，与大黄配伍破瘀泻热臣芒硝—泻热导滞，软坚散结与大黄合用，荡涤肠中实热牡丹皮—凉血化瘀，消肿散结佐使冬瓜子—清热利湿，排脓散结泻热破瘀散结消肿'