最新ASPEN高级培训课件PPT课件.ppt 78页

'ASPEN高级培训课件 LessonObjectives比较联立方程求解(EO)和序贯模块求解(SM) 确定产品流股PRODUCT组成可用求解方法:序贯模块法(SM)联立方程法(EO)组合法(ofSMandEO)ATypicalSimulationProblemREACTORFEEDRECYCLEREAC-OUTCOOLCOOL-OUTSEPPRODUCT HighlyRecycledProcessesEthylenePlantSMMode:Tearstreams:PRBTMS,DECRFDFailstoconverge:PFRACandQUENCHnotinmassbalanceEOMode:Convergesinthreeiterations(11sec) ProcesseswithDesignSpecificationsFCCFractionatorwithAbsorption-StrippingSystemSMMode:Threeconvergenceloops:onetearstream+twodesignspecsTearstreamfailstoconvergeEOMode:Convergesinfouriterations(45sec) ProcessOptimizationAmmoniaPlantSMMode:MaximizePRODUCTstreamflow;Vary11parameters;6ConstraintsTakes7minutes(314passes)toconvergetearstreamandOptblockEOMode:MaximizePRODNH3.BLK.PRODNH3;Boundariesfor18variablesConvergesinfiveiterations(0.47sec) ProcessModelTuning估算板效率SMMode:PointdatasetofflowsTwoCalculatorblocksrequiredEstimatedvalue=0.314826EOMode:11measurements;enterPlantvaluesMinimizeSumofsquaresfunctionofcalculatedoffsetsCOLUMN.BLK.EFF_1=0.356297Plantmeasurementsincludefeedflow,temperatures,andproductcompositions EquationOrientedModelinginAspenPlus联立方程求解步骤绘制模拟流程。定义组分，选择物性方法。提供进料流股和设备的操作参数。用SM计算方法进行变量初始化。 EquationOrientedInitializationandSolution联立方程求解策略：所用变量的初值最好靠近结果。进行联立方程求解之前要用序贯模块求解进行初始化。SM求解结果可以不收敛流程中的每个模块至少要计算一次. SMStrategySolutionModes用SM求解策略,AspenPlus是单一运行模式1.Simulation:输入条件和模型参数固定，没有自由度。大多数情况可以方便求解。对于下列情况求解困难且耗时，例如：Data-Fit工具可以进行参数预估和数据协调.优化工况 EOStrategySolutionModes(1)EO求解有四种模式:1.Simulation:没有自由度，提供进料条件和操作参数计算产品结果。Optimization:有一定的自由度，需要构建目标函数。3.ParameterEstimation:没有自由度，进料和产品条件固定估算模型参数，对应每个估算参数需提供测量参数。Reconciliation:有自由度，需用模型计算结果与测量变量构建目标函数，并使其方差和最小化。 EOVariableDefinitions变量属性：Fixed:固定变量。Free:计算变量。DegreeofFreedom(DOF):有一定自由度变量。 EOVariableSpecifications(1)变量在不同运算模式下属性:ThereareotherspecificationsforMeasured,Parameterized,Reconciled,andIndependentvariablesinthefourmodes.RefertoAppendixAforacompletelist.SpecificationOptimizedCalculatedOptimizationDOFFreeFixedSimulationFixedFreeFixedConstant EOVariableSpecifications(2)四种运算模式变量属性定义:固定变量(specification=Constant)计算变量(specification=Calculated) NetSpecification(1)自由度定义:NSPEC=NVARNEQNNFIX–NDOFWhere:NSPEC=netspecificationNVAR=numberofvariablesNEQN=numberofequationsNFIX=numberoffixedvariablesNDOF=numberofdegree-of-freedomvariables NetSpecification(2)如果NSPEC是零，则…没有自由度,矩阵为方阵，有唯一解。有DOF类型变量,需要构建目标函数。如果NSPEC是大于零,有多个解。如果NSPEC是小于零,无解。 Equation-OrientedSupportedBlocksSM和EO支持模型:•Analyzer•HeatX•RStoic•Compr•HXFlux•RYield•Decanter•Measurement•Selector•Dupl•Mixer•Sep•Extract•Mult•Sep2•Flash2•PetroFrac•RCSTR•Flash3•Stream•FSplit•Pump•REquil•Heater•RadFrac•RPlug•Valve•User3 EO不支持模型:•Aerotran•MCompr•BatchFrac•MHeatX•RGibbs•Distl•MultiFrac•DSTWU•Pipe•RateFrac•Pipeline•SCFrac•Hetran•RBatch•HTRI-IST•User/User2•Calculator—supportedbutnoautomaticEOmapping 联立方程不支持下列模型功能:严格三相计算–RadFrac除外固体电解质过程真实组分流程级设计规定优化约束灵敏度分析 SynchronizingtheEOFlowsheetSM模式运行切换EO模式 ＥＯ变量总表模块ＥＯ变量表进料流股ＥＯ变量表ViewingtheEOVariables(1) ViewingtheEOVariables(2)异丙苯流程EO变更量表 ViewingtheEOVariables(2)ＥＯ变量命名blockid.blk.variableid.descriptionblockid模块名variableid变量名variableidisstreamname.STR与模块相关流股变量description描述 ViewingtheEOVariables(2)举例 EOConfigurationDefaults计算采用国际单位制组成用摩尔分数（％）严格核算模型RadFrac所有流率用摩尔流量 SM和EO连接方程FlowsheetView(SMView)InternalEOViewBlockB1BlockB2S1S2S3BlockB1BlockB2S1S2(asBlockB1outlets)S2(asBlockB2inlets)S3ConnectionEquations UsetheNRTL-RKPropertyMethod40stagesFeedstage24TotalcondenserTopstagepressure=16.1psiaPressuredropperstage=0.1psiDistillateflowrate=1245lbmol/hrMolarrefluxratio=1.3EO变量练习(1)63.2wt%Water36.8wt%MethanolFlow=120000lb/hrPressure18psiaSaturatedliquidCOLUMNFEEDDISTBTMS 产生EO变量表完成如下任务:创建新变量表，使其包含塔的热负荷以及产品流股流率。观察变量COLUMN.FEED.STR.PRES和变量EED.BLK.PRES的区别?察看每个平衡级变量数存文件RAD-eovars.BKP ChangingVariableAttributes(1)在SM和EO求解模式,我们经常会改变变量的属性.在SM,用设计规定（Design-Spec）实现。在EO,可以在EO变量表修改其属性实现。 SpecGroups推荐用SpecGroups来修改变量的属性。SpecGroups有三个不同级别：顶层EOConfiguration表每个层次EOConfiguration表每个模块EOConfiguration表 StepsforChangingSpecifications1.新建Specgroup：选择一组变量交换其属性。2.固定变量提供目标值。3.运行EO模式求解。 REACTORFEEDRECYCLEREAC-OUTCOOLCOOL-OUTSEPPRODUCTChangingSpecificationsExample(2)Saveasfilename:EOINPUT.BKP 组分CUMENE在产品流股中摩尔分数达到98%，求冷却器出口温度。:调节变量?测量变量?»CooleroutlettemperatureConstantCalculated»MolefractionofcumeneinstreamPRODUCT=0.98 Calculated–ConstantPairs保持其自由度不变：BeforeAftervariableid1Calculatedvariableid2ConstantConstantCalculated ControlPanelMessagesforEO(1)Theinformationreportedforeachiterationincludes:ResidualConvergenceFunctionThisisameasureofhowclosetheequationsaretobeingsolved.Ifafteroneiteration,theResidualConvergenceFunctionislessthan1.E-6,theproblemisconverged.Ifnot,iterationscontinueuntilthisvalueismet.ObjectiveConvergenceFunctionandObjectiveFunctionValueRelevantmainlyfortheEOOptimizationandReconciliationsolutionmodes,theseparametersshowhowclosetheobjectivefunctionistothefinalvalueandthecalculatedvalueoftheuser-definedobjectivefunction.IfyouhavedefinedanobjectivefunctionforOptimization,Reconciliation,orParameterEstimation,butaresolvingintheEOSimulationmode,thesevalueswillstillbeprinted.Otherwise,valuesofzeroareprintedintheEOSimulationmode. ControlPanelMessagesforEO(2)OverallNon-linearityRatioThisisameasureofthenon-linearityoftheoverallproblem.TheclosertheNon-linearityRatioisto1.0,themorelineartheproblem.Anegativevalueindicatesthattheproblembehavesintheoppositeofwhatisexpected.Nearthesolution,asstepsizesdecrease,thisvalueshouldapproach1.0.ModelNon-linearityRatioThisistheNon-linearityRatiofortheworstmodel.WorstModelThisisthemodelwhosenon-linearityisfurthestinabsolutevaluefrom1.0. Re-RunningSimulationsinEOMode(2)Re-synchronizationWhenyoumakeachangetotheSMsimulationandattempttore-runthefile,youwillbepromptedtosynchronizetheflowsheet.Examples:ChanginganinputfieldAddingablockorstreamtotheflowsheetCreatingflowsheetsections Saveasfilename:RAD-eoinput.BKPH2Omolefraction=0.999EquationOrientedModelingWorkshop(2)VaryflowCOLUMNFEEDDISTBTMSCalculatedOVHDflowrate(lbmol/hr)__________Duties(MMBtu/hr):Condenser_________Reboiler HeatIntegration LessonObjectivesUseHeaterandHXFluxmodelstomodeltheutilitysideofaheatexchanger. HeatIntegration利用热整合模型包括:用Heater模型模拟热换器用HXFlux模型计算热传递用Connections实现两个EO变量连接我们将用HXFlux/Heater来计算公用工程的进口条件。 Heater/HXFluxCombination用HXFlux/Heater模拟塔顶冷凝器。 StepsforSettingupHeatIntegration用Heater模拟公用工程侧换热用SpecGroup计算移走工艺侧放热需要的公用工程流量。用HXFlux计算热传递.计算公用工程流股的出口条件。用EOConnections传递HXFluxr和Heate的计算信息。 RigorousHeatTransferAspenPlusofferstwounitoperationstorigorouslymodelheattransfer,HeatXandHXFlux.ThepreferenceisHXFluxsinceyouavoidtearingthematerialstream.Thismakessolvingefficient.HXFluxallowsyoutoreferenceEOVariablesforstreamtemperatures(especiallyhelpfulwhenreferencingstagetemperatures). HXFluxModel用于计算热传递可用于对流传热或辐射传热流体流动方式可以是并流或逆流。可以应用热流股或参考热流股可以自动连接流股温度或应用EO变量 HXFluxModelExampleREACTORFEEDRECYCLEREAC-OUTCOOLCOOL-OUTSEPUTILITYOUTINPRODUCTQCSaveasfilename:EOHEATER.BKPCONDUAHXFLUXQ HXFluxModelExample公用工程选用丙烯，初始条件：200Psi饱和液相，流量20,000lb/hr。公用工程侧换热器不考虑压降。热交换器总传热系数U=125Btu/hrft2°F换热面积Area=50ft2 ConnectionProcessing(1)Connections是在系统中增加两个变量，一个方程，以确保有相同的计算结果。Connection自动调整变量的属性以适应自由度的要求。对于每一个connection,如果不能满足自由度的要求，此connection将被失活状态。 Convention建立下面方程:目的地Destination=来源SourceConnectionProcessing(2) Objective:Addasimpleheatintegration.StartwiththefileRAD-eoinput.BKP.HeatIntegrationWorkshop(1)CVAPQC280,000lb/hrsaturatedliquidpropyleneat22psia-UseHeaterandHXFluxblockstosimulatethecolumncondenser.Whatarethefinalprocessconditionsoftherefrigerantstream?DP=0CONDUAHXFLUXQCOLUMNFEEDDISTBTMSCOUTCINSaveasfilename:RAD-EOHEAT.BKP HeatIntegrationWorkshop(2)PartADefineaHeaterwithnopressuredroptorepresenttheutilitysideofthecondenser.Usetheseconditionsasthestartingpointfortherefrigerantstream:280,000lb/hrsaturatedliquidpropyleneat22psia.CreateaSpecgroupthatwillcompletelyvaporizetheutilitystreamandcalculatetherequiredCINfeedrate.Createtwocomponentgroupsandassigntotwoflowsheetsectionstocontrolthecomponentsusedineachsection.Determinethenumberofnon-zeros.CalculatedCINstreamflowrate(lb/hr)__________ HeatIntegrationWorkshop(3)PartBDefineaHXFluxmodelandheat-integratetheutilitystreamandthecolumn.Usestage2temperatureastheInlethotstreamTEnter300Btu/hrft2°FforUand1000ft2forareaCreateaSpecgrouptofixtheheateroutlettemperatureandcalculatetheinletpressure.DefineaconnectiontoconnectthecoldoutlettemperaturesfortheCVAPandCONDUAblocks.FinalCINstreamconditions:Flowrate(lb/hr)__________Temperature(F)__________Pressure(psi)__________ EquationOrientedOptimization LessonObjectivesCreateasimpleoptimizationproblem ReviewtheNetSpecificationDefinitionNSPEC的定义:正确的定义=0NetSpecification缺少定义>0NetSpecification过定义<0NetSpecification有一定自由度变量是由固定变量转变为DOF。DOF用于目标函数最大或最小。NSPEC=netspecificationNVAR=numberofvariablesNEQN=numberofequationsNFIX=numberoffixedvariablesNDOF=numberofdegrees-of-freedomvariablesNSPEC=NVARNEQNNFIX–NDOF ObjectiveFunctionsOptimizationMaximizeprofit($)Profit=SProductValues-SFeedCost-SUtilityCosts目标函数是线性的，即求和变量乘以成本。Objective=Variable*Cost OptimizationExample(1)Filename:EOOPT.BKPCONDUAHXFLUXQREACTORFEEDRECYCLEREAC-OUTCOOLCOOL-OUTSEPUTILITYOUTINPRODUCTQCRecycleExpense$-5/lbmolCumeneProduced$200/lbmolFindtheCOOLtemperaturethatmaximizestheprofit:RefrigerantExpense$-0.01/lbFeedExpense$-0.1/lb OptimizationExample(2)目标函数?目标函数用到变量?优化的调节变量?»Cumeneflow(?–NoEOvariableexists)»RECYCLEflow(SEP.BLK.RECYCLE_MOLES)»FEEDmassflow(FEED.BLK.MASS)»INmassflow(IN.BLK.MASS)»COOLblocktemperature(COOL.BLK.COOL-OUT_TEMP)»Profit($/hr)=200(Cumeneflow)–5(RECYCLEflow)–0.1(FEEDmassflow)–0.01(INmassflow)(CALC.BLK.PRODUCT_CUMENE_MOLEFLOW) StepsforSettingupaSimpleOptimization定义计算器.产生产品流股中CUMENE的摩尔流量。.构建目标函数.输入函数项目及费用因子。选择独立变量。用SPEC修改变量属性由Constant到Optimized。设置独立变量的约束。选择Optimization模式运算。 产生目标函数：SpecifyingtheObjectiveFunction(3) EOOptimizationWorkshop(1)Objective:AddasimplePROFIToptimizationfunction.StartwiththefileRAD-EOHEAT.BKP.Flow=1000-1500lbmol/hrWatercomposition>98%CVAPCOUTCINQCDistillateFlowDutyFeedFlowRefrigerantFlowCOLUMNFEEDDISTBTMSCONDUAHXFLUXQSaveasfilename:RAD-eoopt.BKP EOOptimizationWorkshop(2)ObjectiveFunctionTerms:Termsareprovidedsothatthefunctionhasunitsof$/hr.DegreesofFreedomVariable(lower/upperbounds):ColumnDistillatemolarflowrate10001500OVHDDistillatemassflow1.1$/lbREFRIGCINmassflow(expense)-0.01$/lbFEEDFEEDmassflow(expense)-0.15$/lbDUTYQCstreamheatduty(expense)-400$/MMBtu EOOptimizationWorkshop(3)Reportfinalresultsfor:PROFITobjectivefunction($/hr):__________OVHDmolarflowrate(lbmol/hr):__________QCstreamheatduty(MMBtu/hr):__________ProcessconditionsoftheCINstream:Flowrate(lb/hr)__________Temperature(F)__________Pressure(psi)__________ 高度偶合塔系模拟高度偶合塔系包括：共沸蒸馏萃取蒸馏乙烯厂急冷工程：急冷塔+主分馏塔+燃料油汽提塔吸收/汽提系统：Methanol、MEA、DEA液-液萃取：用环丁砜/乙二醇萃取二甲苯 高度偶合塔系模拟可用模型RadfracMultfrac 高度偶合塔系模拟流程特点溶剂循环使用，间歇补充溶剂；选择合理的断裂流股并赋值；选择收敛断裂流的方法；合理规定塔的操作条件；可以自己定义计算顺序； 萃取精馏：甲基环己烷与甲苯分离 共沸精馏：以苯为溶剂分离异丙基醇与水 ①②③④⑤基本句型（一）谁干什么④往南⑤飞②燕子①一群③排队一群燕子排队往南飞。—————————————————— 基本句型（二）谁在什么地方干什么做游戏小朋友在操场上小朋友在操场上做游戏。—————————————————— 基本句型（二）谁在什么地方干什么小马池塘边在喝水清清的小马在清清的池塘边喝水。—————————————————— 1、？（吗？呢？）2、！（呀！啊！）3、句子中间（，）4、句子后面（。）三个好朋友 基本句型（三）什么地方有什么美丽的有池塘一朵荷花里池塘里有一朵美丽的荷花。—————————————————— 1、谁干什么2、谁在什么地方干什么3、什么地方有什么三个基本句型 1、谁干什么2、谁在什么地方干什么3、什么地方有什么三个基本句型'