最新小学一般过去时课件PPT课件.ppt 71页

'小学一般过去时课件 Wherethereiskindness,thereisgoodness,andwherethereisgoodness,thereismagic.哪里有仁爱，哪里就有善行，哪里有善行，哪里就有奇迹。《灰姑娘》 我现在在写数学作业。我昨晚在写数学作业。我今晚要写数学作业。我每天晚上都要写数学作业。我写完了数学作业。现在进行时一般过去时一般将来时一般现在时现在完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时一般现在时在英语中表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，需用不同的动词形式表示，这种不同的动词形式称为时态。Tense I___12yearsoldthisyear.我去年11岁.I____11yearsoldlastyear.He____inBeijingnow.他昨天在上海。He____inShanghaiyesterday.他现在在北京。Pleaselookatthesentences我今年12岁.amwasiswas They____inChinatoday.他们今天在中国。They____inJapanyesterday.他们昨天在日本。areweream/iswasarewere 每天，早餐我吃鸡蛋和牛奶。I____eggsandmilkforbreakfasteverymorning.昨天，早餐我吃面条。I____noodlesforbreakfastyesterdaymorning.他每天都吃水果。He_____fruiteveryday.昨天他吃了3个苹果。He_____3applesyesterday.have/hashadhavehashadhad Igetupat6:30everymorning.I___upat9:00lastSunday.Heplaysfootballeveryafternoon.He_____basketballyesterdayafternoon.Hedoeshishomeworkeveryevening.He____somereadinglastnight.动词原形、第三人称单数动词过去式gotplayeddid 谓语构成1.动词be2.动词have,has3.助动词do,does4.行为动词用过去式was,werehaddid一般过去时以动词的过去式来表示，没有人称和数的变化.(was,were除外)Iwenttoschoolyesterday.Theywenttoschoolyesterday. 一般过去时的谓语构成：由动词的过去式构成规则变化1.一般加ed2.以e结尾加d3.末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加ed.work—workedchange—changedshop—shoppedstop—stoppedmove—movednod 4.以辅音字母加y结尾的词,先改y为i,再加edstudy—studied5.不规则变化.(见不规则动词表P102)carry—carriedhurrymarry 规则动词过去式-ed的发音1.在以清辅音结尾的规则动词后,-ed读作/t/work/w3:k/edt/2.在以浊辅音或元音结尾的规则动词后,-ed读作/d/play/pleI/live/lIv/edd/edd/ 3.在以/t/或/d/结尾的规则动词后,-ed读作/Id/visit/’vIzIt/edId/finishedenjoyedshoutedmovedhelpedwantedcalledneeded/t//d//Id//d//d//t//Id//Id/Let’sreadthem 动词过去式转换练习将下列动词变为过去式返回上页订正答案1.look2.live3.stop4.carry5.hope6.trip7.call8.finish9.want10.are11.go12.have13.do14.get15.come16.say17.see18.put19.eat20.take21.read 返回上页返回首页返回练习动词过去式转换练习答案1.looklooked2.livelived3.stopstopped4.carrycarried5.hopehoped6.triptripped7.callcalled8.finishfinished9.wantwanted10.arewere11.gowent12.havehad13.dodid14.getgot15.comecame16.saysaid17.seesaw18.putput19.eatate20.taketook21.readread 巧记不规则动词过去式1.中间去e，末尾加t如：keep→kept，feel→felt，sleep→slept，sweep→swept2.结尾d变t如：build→built，lend→lent，send→sent，spend→spent3.遇见i改为a如：ring→rang，sit→sat，drink→drank，sing→sang，swim→swam，begin→began，give→gave 4.“骑(马)”“开(车)”“写(字)”——把i变o如：ride→rode，drive→drove，write→wrote5.“想”“买”“带来”“打仗”——ought换上think→thought，buy→bought，bring→brought，fight→fought6.“教书”“抓住”——aught切莫忘如：teach→taught，catch→caught7.ow/aw改为ew是新时尚如：know→knew，grow→grew，throw→threw，draw→drew8.“放”“让”“读”过去式与原形一样如：put→put，let→let，read→read/red 表示过去的时间的时间状语yesterday昨天早晨Justnow刚才yesterdayafternoon昨天下午Lastweek上周Yesterdayevening昨天傍晚inthepast过去Thedaybeforeyesterday前天thatday那天Lastnight昨天夜里lastyear去年Threedaysago三天前thatyear那年Threeweeksago三周前thatmonth那个月Threemonthsago三个月前justnow刚才 1.ago家族：amomenttwominutesthreehoursfivedaysoneweeksixmonthsfouryearsago用于一般过去时的时间状语longlongago lasttimenightweekmonthtermMondayyesterdaymorningafternooneveningthedaybeforeyesterday2.Last家族3.yesterday家族： 4.that家族：thatmorningwinterdayyear justnowintheolddaysinthosedaysin1980theotherdayatthattimeonceuponatime4.其他时间状语：那时候，当年几天以前在那时以前从前 1.肯定句：主语+行为动词过去式主语+be动词过去式(was/were)e.g.Weplayedfootballyesterday.Iwasintheofficelastnight.2.否定句didnot/didn’t+行为动词原形wasnot/wasn’t+其他成分werenot/weren’t+其他成分e.g.Iwasnotintheofficelastnight.Ididn"tsingasongatKangkang"sparty.Ididn"tplayvideogames. 3.一般疑问句did+主语+行为动词原形was/were+主语+其他成分eg.-Didyougoshoppingyesterday?-Yes,Idid./No,Ididn’t.-Wasshe15yearsoldlastyear?4.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+did+主语+行为动词原形特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他成分eg.Wheredidyougoshoppingyesterday?Whenandwherewereyouborn? 1.Iwasastudent._________________2.Youwereright._________________3.Hewasathome._________________4.Shewasinpink._________________5.Wewerehere._________________6.Theywerebusy._________________将下列句子变成否定句Iwasn’tastudent.Youweren’tright.Hewasn’tathome.Shewasn’tinpink.Weweren’there.Theyweren’tbusy.否定句：主语+wasn’t/weren’t+其他.wasnot=wasn’twerenot=weren’t 1.Iwasastudent._________________2.Youwereright._________________3.Hewasathome._________________4.Shewasinpink._________________5.Wewerehere._________________6.Theywerebusy._________________将下列句子变成疑问句Wereyouastudent?Wereyouright?Washeathome?Wassheinpink?Wereyouhere?Weretheybusy?一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其他？ 写出下列句子的肯定及否定回答WasIastudent?_________________________________2.Wereyouright?__________________________________3.Washeathome?__________________________________4.Wassheinpink?__________________________________5.Weretheybusy?_________________________________Yes,youwere.Yes,Iwas.Yes,hewas.Yes,shewas.Yes,theywere.No,youweren’t.No,Iweren’t.No,hewasn’t.No,shewasn’t.No,theyweren’t. 行为动词一般过去时的否定式一般过去时的否定式是在动词原形前加助动词didnot(didn’t).主语+didn’t+动词原形I_________themthenews.I____(tell)themthenewsyesterday.didn’ttelltold Exercises:将下列句子改成否定句：Theystayedathomelastweekend.______________________________________2.MyclassmatevisitedmelastSunday.__________________________________3.Myparentswalkedthedogjustnow.___________________________________Theydidn’tstayathomelastweekend.Myparentsdidn’twalkthedogjustnow.Myclassmatedidn’tvisitmelastSunday. 行为动词一般过去时的疑问式一般过去时的一般疑问式在句首加助动词didDid+主语+动词原形……？They______(finish)theirworkatfour.一般疑问句:____they_____theirworkatfour?Yes,they_____.No,they_____.finishedDidfinishdiddidn’t 行为动词一般过去时的疑问式一般过去时的特殊疑问式疑问词+did+主语+动词原形……？Theyfinishedtheirworkatfour.AB对划线部分提问A:B:Whatdidtheydoatfour?Whendidtheyfinishtheirwork? T注意1.加助动词did或者didn’t后,动词须返回原形。ChooseForT.Didhewenttoschoolyesterday?Didhegotoschoolyesterday?F2.Theydidn’tfinishtheirhomeworklastnight.Theydidn’tfinishedtheirhomeworklastnight.TF 动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事；be用was或用were，have,has,变had若是行为加ed，若变否定疑问句，没有be动用did，如果did加在前，动词必须现还原巧记动词过去时 Exercises1.I____thenumberdownonapieceofpaperamomentago.A.writeB.writedC.wroteD.writing2.Everything___readybeforeFathercame.A.wereB.wasC.isD.areCB 3.Healways_____melastterm.A.helpedB.helpsC.helpingD.helpA ____you________(remember)tobuytheoranges?2.Who________(invent)thecomputer.3.We_____(go)tothecinemalastnight.Thefilm_____(be)verygood.4.Whattime____you____(get)toschoolthismorning?5.Jim___(do)alotyesterday.He____(go)shoppingand______(cook)supper.Didrememberinventedwentwasdidget用动词的适当时态填空didwentcooked 6.Heusually____(get)upat6inthemorning.Look!He______(get)upnow.Butyesterdayhe____(get)upverylate,sohe____(go)toschoollate.He___(be)lateforschool.getsisgettinggotwentwas 1.Lucydidherhomeworkathome.(改否定句)Lucy_______herhomeworkathome.2.Hefoundsomemeatinthefridge.(变一般疑问句)___he_______meatinthefridge?3.Shestayedthereforaweek.(对划线部分提问)____________she_____there?4.Therewassomeorangeinthecup.(变一般疑问句)____there____orangeinthecup?didn’tdoDidfindanyHowlongdidstayWasany III.句型转换TheycametoChinain1990.(变一般疑问句)__________they________toChinain1990?2.Iwasillfortwodayslastweek?(同上)________youillfortwodayslastweek?3.Thetwinsgotoschoolonfooteveryday.(同上)_________thetwins_______toschoolonfooteveryday?4.ShewashedtheclotheslastSunday.(变否定句)She_________________theclotheslastSundayDidcomeWereDogodidn’twash 5.Sheisgoingtogoshoppingtomorrow.(变否定)_____________________________________6.Mymotherlikesherstudents.(变一般疑问句)_______________________________________7.DoyouwatchTVonSunday?(用lastSunday改写成过去时态的句子)______________________________________8.WeiHuaboughtanewpenyesterday.(变否定句)She________________anewpenyesterday.Sheisn’tgoingtogoshoppingtomorrow.Doesyourmotherlikeherstudents?DidyouwatchTVlastSunday?didn’tbuy Goodbye!Thankyou! 金匮要略选读温州医学院中医系胡臻 血痹虚劳病脉证并治第六论一首脉证九条方九首 血痹病问曰：血痹病从何得之？师曰：夫尊荣人，骨弱肌肤盛，重困疲劳汗出，卧不时动摇，加被微风，遂得之。但以脉自微涩，在寸口、关上小紧，宜针引阳气，令脉和，紧去则愈。注：血痹：《素问》：“卧出而风吹之，血凝于肤者为痹。”尊荣人骨弱肌肤盛-有余于外，不足于内重困因疲劳汗出，卧不时动摇-腠理开泄-阳气更虚加被微风-感受外邪脉象寸口：微（阳微）涩（血滞）关上：小紧（外受风寒） ★血痹，阴阳俱微，寸口关上微，尺中小紧，外证身体不仁，如风痹状，黄芪桂枝五物汤主之。 黄芪桂枝五物汤方黄芪三两芍药三两桂枝三两生姜六两大枣十二枚右五味，以水六升，煮取二升，温服七合，日三服。（一方有人参）注：桂枝汤去甘草，倍生姜，加黄芪。 虚劳病一脉象★夫男子平人，脉大为劳，极虚亦为劳。注：平人：《难经》“脉病形不病” 人年五六十，其病脉大者，痹侠背行，若肠鸣、马刀、侠瘿者，皆为劳得之。脉弦而大，弦则为减，大则为芤，减则为寒，芤则为虚，虚寒相搏，此名为革。妇人则半产漏下，男子则亡血夫精。 二辨证（一）阴虚（精血亏虚）男子面色薄者，主渴及亡血，卒喘悸，脉浮者，里虚也。劳之为病，其脉浮大，手足烦，春夏剧，秋冬瘥，阴寒精自出，酸削不能行。注：《素问五脏生成篇》：”心之合脉也，其荣色也。“ （二）阳虚（脾肾阳虚）脉沉小迟，名脱气，其人疾行则喘喝，手足逆寒，腹满，甚则溏泄，食不消化也。 （三）阴阳两虚男子脉虚沉弦，无寒热，短气里急，小便不利，面色白，时目瞑，兼衄，少腹满，此为劳使之然。男子脉浮弱而涩，为无子，精气清冷（一作冷）。男子平人，脉虚弱细微者，善盗汗也。 男子脉浮弱而涩，为无子，精气清冷（一作冷）。（肾虚无子） 男子平人，脉虚弱细微者，善盗汗也。（虚劳盗汗） 三、证治（一）阴虚（虚劳虚烦）★虚劳虚烦不得眠，酸枣汤主之。注：肝阴不足，心血亏虚。栀子豉汤 酸枣汤方酸枣仁二升甘草一两知母二两茯苓二两穹穷二两（深师有生姜二两）右五味，以水八升，煮酸枣仁，得六升，内诸药，煮取三升，分温三服。注： （二）阴阳两虚（虚劳失精）★夫失精家，少腹弦急，阴头寒，目眩（一作目眶痛），发落，脉极虚芤迟，为清谷，亡血失精。脉得诸芤动微紧，男子失精，女子梦交，桂枝加*龙骨牡蛎汤主之。注：《素问生气通天论》”阴阳之要，阳秘乃固“。 桂枝加龙骨牡蛎汤方（《小品》云：虚弱浮热汗出者，除桂，加白薇、附子各三分、故曰二加龙骨汤）桂枝芍药生姜各三两甘草二两大枣十二枚龙骨牡蛎各三两右七味，以水七升，煮取三升，分温三服。注：桂枝汤－调和营卫以固表，交通阴阳而守中加龙骨牡蛎－固涩潜镇 ★虚劳里急，悸，衄，腹中痛，梦失精，四肢酸疼，手足烦热，咽干口燥，小建中汤主之。（虚劳腹痛）《心典》”欲求阴阳之和者，必求之于中气，欲求中气之立者，必以建中也。“ 小建中汤方桂枝三两（去皮）甘草三两（炙）大枣十二枚芍药六两生姜三两胶饴一升右六味，以水七升，煮取三升，去滓，内胶饴，更上微火消解，温服一升，日三服。（呕家不可用建中汤，以甜故也）注：桂枝汤倍芍药，加饴糖甘-桂枝/温-甘草、胶饴、大枣/酸-芍药甘温——助阳酸甘——化阴——调和阴阳 ★虚劳里急，诸不足，黄芪建中汤主之。（于小建中汤内加黄芪一两半，余依上法．气短胸满者加生姜，腹满者去枣，加茯苓一两半，及疗肺虚损不足，补气加半夏三两）（虚劳腹痛） （３）虚劳腰痛★虚劳腰痛，少腹拘急，小便不利者，八味肾气丸主之。（方见脚气中） 八味肾气丸干地黄八两、山药、山茱萸各四两、泽泻、牡丹皮、茯苓各三两、桂枝、附子各一两《来苏集》：”此肾气丸纳桂附与滋阴剂中十倍之一，意不在补火，而在微生火，即生肾气也。故不曰温肾，而名肾气。“ ★虚劳诸不足，风气百疾，薯蓣丸主之。（虚劳风气）薯蓣丸方蓣三十分当归桂枝干地黄曲豆黄卷各十分甘草二十八分芎穷麦门冬芍药白术杏仁各六分人参七分柴胡桔梗茯苓各五分阿胶七分干姜三分白敛二分防风六分大枣百枚（为膏）右二十一味，末之，炼蜜和丸，如弹子大，空腹酒服一丸，一百丸为剂。 （三）虚劳夹瘀★五劳虚极羸瘦，腹满不能饮食，食伤、忧伤、饮伤、房室伤、饥伤、劳伤、经络营卫气伤，内有干血，肌肤甲错，两目黯黑。缓中补虚，大黄蟅虫丸主之。注：缓中补虚:缓消淤血,祛淤生新干血劳:劳伤日久,血行闭阻,淤血内停 大黄蟅虫丸方大黄十分（蒸）黄芩二两甘草三两桃仁一升杏仁一升芍药四两干地黄十两干漆一两虻虫一升水蛭百枚蛴螬一升蟅虫半升右十二味，末之，炼蜜和丸小豆大，酒饮服五丸，日三服。 天雄散方天雄三两（炮）白术八两桂枝六两龙骨三两右四味，杵为散，洒服半钱匕，日三服，不知，稍增之。注:《方药考》:”此为补阳摄阴之方，治男子失精，腰膝冷痛。“ 附方《千金翼》炙甘草汤（一云复脉汤）治虚劳不足，汗出而闷，脉结悸，行动如常，不出百日，危急者十一日死。甘草四两（炙）桂枝生姜各三两麦门冬半升麻仁半升人参阿胶各二两大枣三十枚生地黄一斤右九味，以酒七升，水八升，先煮八昧取三升，去滓，内胶消尽，温服一升，日三服。注：叶天士：“理阳气当推建中，顾阴液须投复脉．” 《肘后》獭肝散治冷劳，又主鬼疰应一门相染。獭肝一具炙干末之，水服方寸匕，日三服。 谢谢'