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'新版牛津-8Bunit3-Task
anislandcountryanoldEuropeancountry
ScotlandWalesEnglandNorthernIrelandbemadeupof
BritishMuseum
learnalotabouttheworld’sculture
manyplacesofnaturalbeautyswansandotherwildbirdstheLakeDistrict
theweatherchangesoftenPreparefor…
pounds
HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheUK?“TheUK”istheshortnameof______________________________________________________.Itisin_____________.(A.AsiaB.EuropeC.Africa)Itscapitalcityis_____________.Thecountryismadeupof__________________________foralongtime.BuckinghamPalacehasbeenthehomeof________________foralongtime.ThebesttimetovisittheUKis________________.Peopleuse_________intheUK.(A.dollarsB.RMBC.pounds)theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandBLondonEngland,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIrelandkingsandqueensfromMaytoSeptemberC
1.WhichcityisthecapitaloftheUK?London.2.WhenisthebesttimetovisittheUK?FromMaytoSeptember.AmyhaswrittenanintroductiontotheUK.Listentoherarticleandanswerthequestions.
1.WhatisthefullnameoftheUK?TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.2.WhichcountriesistheUKmadeupof?ItismadeupofEngland,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland.3.WhereisoneofthemostfamousplaceintheUK?BuckinghamPalace.
4.WhathastheUKalwaysbeenfamousfor?Ithasalwaysbeenfamousforitsmuseums.5.HowistheweatherintheUK?Itchangesoften.Itissunnyoneminute,butrainythenext.
TheUKAboutthecountryAnislandcountryEngland,Wales...London,thecapitalBidandmodernLonghistoryKingsandqueenswereonceitsrulersPlacestovisitPalacesandcastlesBuckinghamPalaceMuseumstheBritishMuseumPlacesofnaturalbeautytheLakeDistrictOthersBesttimetovisitMaytoSeptemberWeatherChangesoftenMoneyPounds
1.ItismadeupofEngland,Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland.bemadeupof由……组成/构成e.g.生活是由琐事构成的。Lifeis___________littlethings.[拓展]bemadeof由……制成(看得出原材料)bemadefrom由……制成(看不出原材料)bemadein在某地制造madeupof
2.ThebesttimetovisittheUKisfromMaytoSeptemberbecauseitswinteriswetandcold.句中的tovisittheUK是动词不定式短语作后置定语。e.g.ThebesttimetotravelinthecityisinMay.thebesttimetodosth.做......最好的时间e.g.春天是放风筝最好的时间。Springisthe_____________kites.besttimetofly
3.Itissunnyoneminute,butrainythenext,soprepareforitbeforeyougothere.prepare用作动词,意为“准备”,后面常跟名词、代词、不定式作宾语。prepare还常与for搭配构成短语preparefor,表示“为……作准备”。e.g.期末考试要到了,你最好做好准备。Thefinalexamiscoming.You’dbetter_____________it.preparefor
Translation.1.我们班有15个男生和12个女生。Ourclassismadeupof15boysand12girls.2.白金汉宫已经成为国王和女王的家很久了。BuckinghamPalacehasbeenthehomeofkingsandqueensforalongtime.Exercises
4.这一分钟是晴朗的,下一分钟就会有雨。Itissunnyoneminute,butrainythenext.5.春天和秋天是旅游的最好时间,因为既不太热也不太冷。Thebesttimetogotravellingisspringandautumn,becauseitisnottoohotortoocold.3.英国还有很多自然美景的地方。TheUKalsohasmanyplacesofnaturalbeauty.
Para.1IntroducethecountrysimplyPara.2IntroducetheviewsofthecountryPara.3IntroducetheclimateofthecountryWritingFindoutthemainideaofeachparagraph.
Pickacountrythatinterestsyouandmakeacharttoorganizeyourideas.Thenwriteanintroduction.Youcanaddsomepicturestomakeitmoreinteresting.
Itisa/an...country....,thecapital,isbigandmodern/beautiful.Ithasalwaysbeenfamousfor...Thereare/is...on/in...Thebesttimetovisit...is...Theweatheroften/seldomchanges...Usefulexpressions
SingaporeAboutthecityLocation(位置)InSouth-eastAsiaAnislandcountryOnemainislandandsmallerislandsCapitalSingaporeCityPlacesofinterestTheNightSafariAnight-timezooJurongBirdPark(裕廊飞禽公园)ThelargestbirdparkinS-EAsiaSentosa(圣淘沙岛)Wonderfulmuseums,parksandbeachesLotsofplacesforshoppingandeatingOthersWeatherwarmandwetBesttimetovisitanytimemoneytheSingaporedollarAchartaboutSingapore
Asample:SingaporeSingaporeisanislandcountryinSouth-eastAsia.Itismadeupofonemainislandandmanysmallerislands.SingaporeCity,thecapitalcity,isalsocalledLionCity.TherearemanyinterestingthingstodoinSingapore.TheNightSafariisanight-timezoo.Youcanseemanyanimalsatnight.Ifyoulikebirds,youcangotoJurongBirdPark,thelargerstbirdparkinSouth-eastAsia.
SentosaIslandisawonderfulplacewithmuseums,parksandbeaches.Youcanhavelotsoffunthere.Singaporeisalsoagoodplaceforshoppingandeating.Youcantastelotsofdeliciouslocalfoodthere.TheweatherinSingaporeiswarmandwetallyearround,soyoucangothereanytime.PeopleusetheSingaporedallarthere.Remembertotakeenoughmoneyforshopping,eatinganddrinking.
Showusyourintroduction!
一、根据句意及中文提示完成单词1.TheUKisanislandcountry,includingE__________Scotland,WalesandNorthernIreland.2.Atpresent,wecanb________trainticketsontheInternet.3.Franceisoneofthe_________(欧洲的)countries.Parisisitscapital.4.Hebecomethe_________(统治者)lastyear.5.Manypeoplelove__________(美元).Theythinktheycanbuyeverythingallovertheworld.
二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空1.Thousandsof_______(Britain)soldierswerestandingdeepinthewater.-2.Ican’tevenrememberwhatmy________(nature)haircolouris.3.The________(good)timetocometoBeijingisinAutumn.4.Theforeignvisitorsaregoingtotravelinsome________(south)provincesofChina.5.It’sgoingtobe_______(sun)allday.
1.Modifyourarticlesandrecopythem.2.Workbook.3Revisethewholeunit.
甲状腺疾病的实验诊断
甲状腺疾病系已知最常见的内分泌紊乱仅美国就有2100万人患此病每年为此支付的保健费超过100亿美元近50岁的女性有10%TSH异常近60岁的女性有17%TSH异常,此年龄段的男性也有9%异常
常用的血清学检测指标总甲状腺激素(TT4)测定总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)测定游离甲状腺激素(FT4)测定游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)测定促甲状腺激素(TSH)测定甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TG-Ab)测定甲状腺过氧化物酶抗体(TPO-Ab)测定
T3、T4的分子结构
甲状腺是人体最大的一个内分泌腺位于颈前下方软组织内。主要功能:在由垂体分泌的促甲状腺激素(TSH)调节下,生成甲状腺激素甲状腺激素作用:促进人体新陈代谢1、促进代谢(产热、促进糖、脂肪、蛋白质、水、电解质及维生素代谢。)2、促进生长发育(蝌蚪如切除甲状腺,则发育停止,不能变成青蛙。儿童甲状腺功能减弱则发育迟缓,俗称呆小症)3、影响主要器官和系统功能。(甲状腺机能亢进患者注意力不易集中,易激动,烦躁不安,多言,失眠。甲状腺机能减退患者则相反,神情淡漠,感觉迟钝,行动迟缓,思睡。)
促甲状腺激素(TSH)TSH能促进甲状腺激素的合成与释放,是诊断甲亢和亚甲亢最灵敏的标志物,是甲状腺功能试验的首选指标。增敏型化学发光免疫检测,灵敏度可达到0.01mIU/L
TSH的临床意义TSH增高的疾病原发性甲低亚临床甲低垂体分泌TSH腺瘤地方性甲状腺肿先天性甲低TSH降低的疾病甲亢亚临床甲亢其他疾病:PRL瘤、库兴氏症、继发性甲低
总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)T3是早期诊断甲亢的灵敏指标,常早于或大于T4的增高。T3与甲状腺结合球蛋白(TBG)亲和力比T4小3-10倍,但游离度比T4大10倍左右,故T3生物活性比T4大。因此T3进入细胞快,代谢效能高。
TT3的临床意义TT3增高甲状腺功能亢进:甲亢患者浓度增高与T4浓度的改变性平行T3型甲亢:部分患者T4的浓度不高甲亢的疗效评价:T3甲亢药物治疗控制指标甲亢复发的诊断:甲亢复发的灵敏指标TBG结合力增高:在正常妊娠生理性TBG增高最常见,肝炎、葡萄胎等也可见到TT3降低甲状腺机能降低:甲低患者TT3降低,但不如TT4下降明显低T3血症:低T3血症的诊断依据
总甲状腺激素(TT4)TT4是判断甲状腺功能和判断下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺轴功能的指标,也是诊断新生儿先天性甲状腺功能低下的有效方法。TT4的含量及分泌率均比TT3高60-80倍,但TT3的活性比TT4大3-5倍。
TT4的临床意义TT4增高甲状腺机能亢进:甲亢时TT4明显增高,可较正常高2-3倍高T4血症诊断依据:TT4增高,FT4、FT3正常外周组织对T4反应缺陷药物影响:乙胺碘呋酮、碘泛酸等TT4降低甲状腺机能降低:甲低患者血清TT4浓度低于正常值比TT3敏感慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎的早期患者TT4降低、TT3正常、TSH增高地方性甲状腺肿:TT4正常或偏低甲亢治疗的疗效检测TBG减少所致的TT4降低:雄激素、糖皮质激素、生长激素、水杨酸、肾病综合征、活动性肢端肥大症
游离T3、T4(FT3、FT4)FT3、FT4因不受血中甲状腺结合球蛋白(TBG)浓度影响,因此,FT3、FT4较TT3、TT4更能准确、真实地反映甲状腺功能,尤其在妊娠、服避孕药、肝病等血TBG异常时。在甲状腺机能亢进症早期或不典型甲亢的诊断和甲亢疗效观察、用药剂量及预后判断时,FT3、FT4比TT3、TT4敏感。
FT3的临床意义FT3增高甲亢:不论症状典型与否均增高,符合率》TT3、TT4T3型甲亢:仅FT3增高,FT4不增高甲亢和甲低的疗效监测:亚临床甲亢:患者无明显甲亢症状,而FT3增高,TSH降低FT3降低甲低:症状典型的甲低患者FT3降低低T3血症药物影响:可见到长期用本妥英钠的患者FT3降低,TSH不增高
FT4的临床意义FT4增高甲亢T4型甲亢:患者FT4增高,而FT3、T3往往正常FT4降低甲低:患者FT4明显降低,TT4同时降低,而TSH升高亚临床甲低:临产症状不明显,FT4降低,同时伴TSH升高新生儿甲低:正常新生儿脐血TT3、FT3偏低,TSH略高,TT4、FT4正常抗甲状腺药物治疗过量时:FT4和TT4降低
TPO抗体和TG抗体比较TGAB是在甲状腺自身免疫病中第一个被发现的甲状腺自身抗体弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿(Graves病)、慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎(桥本病)和特发性粘液性水肿是三种最重要的甲状腺疾病。它们都和自身免疫有关,其中特发性粘液性水肿是由桥本病不知不觉地衍变而成。Graves病和桥本病两者的发病机理基本相同,故将三者统称为自身免疫性甲状腺疾病。对甲状腺自身免疫疾病诊断而言,TGAb和TPOAb相比,TPOAb敏感性更高,而TGAb的特异性较TPOAb为高
TG抗体的临床意义慢性淋巴细胞甲状腺炎:80-90%患者增高,部分无症状患者TGAb正常,仅TMAb增高,TGAb和TMAb联合诊断的阳性率达到98.1%-100%甲亢:60%左右的甲亢患者TGAb、TMAb增高,阳性率50%-85%亚急性甲状腺炎:患者可出现一过性TMAb升高其他非甲状腺疾病:慢性肝炎、类风湿、SLE等
甲亢的实验室检查TT3 TT4 FT3 FT4 TSH甲亢 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↓亚临床甲亢 →↓T4型甲亢 ↑ ↑T3型甲亢 ↑→/↑↑→↓
甲减的实验室检查TT3 TT4FT3 FT4TSH原发性甲减 ↓ ↓ ↓↓↑继发性甲减 ↓ ↓↓↓↓↓亚临床甲减→→→→↑
谢谢大家!'