最新新视野大学英语视听说教程2第三版BOOK2-UNIT7课件PPT.ppt 104页

'新视野大学英语视听说教程2第三版BOOK2-UNIT7 Unit7Timeoftechnology:Ablessingoracurse?OpeningupListeningtotheworldSpeakingforcommunicationFurtherpracticeinlisteningWrappingupLearningobjectivesFuntime talkaboutexperiencesandfeelingsofplayingcomputergames4Learningobjectivestalkabouttechnologyaroundas1listenforagreementanddisagreement2expressessentiality3 Openingup1Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.____SendingatextmessageHowoftendoyouandyourpartnerdothesethings?WriteOforoften,SforsometimesorNfornever.Thendiscussyouranswerswithyourpartner.ON____WritingablogIsendtextmessagesquitealotbecauseitisfast,cheapandconvenient.IneverwriteblogsbecauseIhaven’tstartedmyownblogyet. Openingup1Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.Howoftendoyouandyourpartnerdothesethings?WriteOforoften,SforsometimesorNfornever.Thendiscussyouranswerswithyourpartner.____ChattingonlineOIoftenuseWeChattochatonlinewithmyfamily,friendsorclassmates.IloveWeChat.Icansendnotonlytextmessage,butalsopictures,voicemessagesandvideos.ThebestthingofWeChatisthatit’sfree. Openingup1Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.Howoftendoyouandyourpartnerdothesethings?WriteOforoften,SforsometimesorNfornever.Thendiscussyouranswerswithyourpartner.____SendingafaxSIdon’tfaxalot,butsometimesIhavetofaxsomeimportantdocuments. Openingup1Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.Howoftendoyouandyourpartnerdothesethings?WriteOforoften,SforsometimesorNfornever.Thendiscussyouranswerswithyourpartner.____UpdatingyourwebpageSIbuiltmyownwebpageaboutoneyearago.AtfirstIupdatedmywebpageeveryday.ButnowIamprettybusy,soIspendmuchlesstimeonit.Iupdateitaboutonceaweek. Openingup1Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.Howoftendoyouandyourpartnerdothesethings?WriteOforoften,SforsometimesorNfornever.Thendiscussyouranswerswithyourpartner.____CheckingyouremailOIcheckemailsfrequentlybecauseIhavegotalotofemailsfromfriends,classmates,teachersormyschool.Someofthemareveryimportantandneedpromptresponse,soIcheckemailseveryday. Openingup1Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.Howoftendoyouandyourpartnerdothesethings?WriteOforoften,SforsometimesorNfornever.Thendiscussyouranswerswithyourpartner.____UsinganInternetphone(e.g.Skype)SSometimesIuseanInternetphonetotalkwithfriendswhoareabroadforfurtherstudy.Itisfastandconvenient,andmoreimportantly,itcostsmuchlessthanlong-distancecalls. ListeningtotheworldSharingListeningViewing ListeningtotheworldSharing1Watchapodcastforitsgeneralidea.Thepodcastismainlyaboutpeople’sattitudestowardtechnology,whatitemsoftechnologytheyhave,andwhatitemsareindispensabletothem.2WatchPart1andfillintheblanks.enjoylivewithoutplanmylifelisteningtomusic Listeningtotheworld3WatchPart2andmatchthestatements.Sharing ____1Iamdefinitelynotatechnophobe.Er...Ihavelearnedtolovetechnologyverymuchthoughinmyjob.____2ForwhatIdo,I’mprobablyquiteatechnophobe.____3Isortofhaveeverylatestgadgetasitcomesout.ListeningtotheworldSharingDAF3WatchPart2andmatchthestatements. ListeningtotheworldSharing____4Ilovetechnology–alot.Um,youknow,everythingaboutitlikenewgadgets,youknow,computers,thingslikethat.____5I’vegotlotsofgadgets.Er...Iwouldn’tbe…Iwouldn’t,wouldn’tknowwhattodowithoutmylaptop.____6Ihatetechnology.I...Ifinditfrighteninganddisturbing.EBC3WatchPart2andmatchthestatements. 1Where’shismobilephone?Answer:________________________Inhispocket.ListeningtotheworldSharing4WatchPart3andfillintheblanks. ListeningtotheworldSharing4WatchPart3andfillintheblanks.2What’shermobilephoneconnectedto?Answer:_______________________Twitter. ListeningtotheworldSharing4WatchPart3andfillintheblanks.3Whyisn’tsheusingheriPod?Answer:_______________________Becauseit’snotcharged. ListeningtotheworldSharing4WatchPart3andfillintheblanks.4Whichitemsoftechnologydoeshehavewithhim?Answer:______________________________________________HismobilephoneandanMP3player. ListeningtotheworldSharing4WatchPart3andfillintheblanks.5Howmanymobileshasshegot?Answer:_______________________Two. ListeningtotheworldSharing4WatchPart3andfillintheblanks.6Whatgadgetsdoeshehave?Answer:______________________________________________Ane-bookreader,alaptop,aniPod,andlotsofgadgets. Listeningtotheworld5WatchPart4andfillintheblanks.SharingIcouldn’tlivewithoutmycomputer.Um,whynot?BecauseI’m1)_______________.ItbrokedownonceforthreeweeksandIfeltlike2)____________hadleftme–I’mnotevenmarried.onitallthetimemyhusband Listeningtotheworld5WatchPart4andfillintheblanks.SharingIcouldn’tlivewithout3)_____________.Icouldprobablylivewithoutmy4)_______.Iquitelikeleavingitturnedoffforawhile.Buter,thelaptop’s5)____________.mylaptopphoneessential Listeningtotheworld5WatchPart4andfillintheblanks.SharingMyphone.Ithink6)______________,Idon’tneedanythingelse.beyondthat Listeningtotheworld5WatchPart4andfillintheblanks.SharingIdon’tthinkIcouldlivewithoutmymobilephone.AndIcouldn’tlivewithoutthe7)____________,andIcouldn’tlivewithoutthe8)_________–becauseIdependonthem.computerInternet Listeningtotheworld6Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.Sharing1Howdoyoufeelabouttechnology?Technologyisnewandinnovative,whichcanmakelifeeasierandmorecomfortable.IlovetechnologyandIspendalotofmoneyontechnology. Listeningtotheworld6Workinpairsandanswerthequestions.Sharing2Whatitemsoftechnologydoyouhavewithyouatthemoment?IhavetwoiPhonesinmypocketandalaptopinmybackpack. Listeningtotheworld6Workinpairsandanswerthequestions.Sharing3Whatitemsoftechnologycould/couldn’tyoulivewithout?Why?IthinkIcouldlivewithoutanMP3player.NowIoftenplaymusiconmycomputer,soanMP3playerisn’tessentialtome.Icouldn’tlivewithoutmycomputer.Ihavetoworkoniteveryday.Isearchforusefulinformationonline,writedraftsofmycompositions,emailthemtomyteachers,receivefeedbackandmakechangesaccordingly.Inmysparetime,IsurfontheInternet,writeblogs,chatonlinewithmyfriends,havevideocallswithmyparents,andshoponline.Idependonit. ListeningtotheworldSharingListeningViewing Listeningtotheworld1Workinpairsandanswerthequestions.ListeningBEFOREyoulisten1HowmuchtimedoyouspendontheInterneteveryday?Onetotwohoursaday. Listeningtotheworld1Workinpairsandanswerthequestions.ListeningBEFOREyoulisten2WhatdoyouusuallydowhenyousurftheInternet?Iusuallysearchforinformation,readnewsarticles,shoponline,ordownloadmusic. Listeningtotheworld1Workinpairsandanswerthequestions.ListeningBEFOREyoulisten3Doyougetdistractedwhenyouworkorstudyonline?Yes.WhenIsearchforcertaininformationandopenanewpage,therearepop-upsrelatedtonews,salesinformation,newtrailers,orsomethingelse.IfitissomethingI’minterestedin,Iwillclickonitonimpulse.SoI’mvulnerabletothesedistractions. ListeningtotheworldListeningListeningskillsAdditionalTipsListeningforagreementanddisagreementOnestrategyistolistenforexpressionsshowingagreementordisagreement.Thespeakeragreeswithwhatotherpeoplesay:Iagreewithyourpoint,I’mwithyouonthatpoint,That’sagoodpoint,That’strue,Ithinkyou’reright,Ithinkthatisagoodidea,etc….Thespeakeragreeswithwhatotherpeoplesay:Idisagreewithyouridea,I’mafraidIdon’tagree,That’snotalwaystrue,That’snotalwaysthecase,I’mnotsureaboutthat,andYoucan’tactuallymeanthat… ListeningtotheworldListeningListeningskillsAdditionalTipsListeningforagreementanddisagreementAnotherstrategyistorecognizeintonationpatternsspeakersusetoindicatetheirattitudes.Afalling-risingintonationusingthesymbol“↘↗”oftenconveyslimitedagreement,responsewithreservation,uncertainty,ordoubt;Andarising-fallingintonation,usingthesymbol“↗↘”oftenconveysasenseofstrongagreement,ordisagreement. Listeningtotheworld2Listenandcheckthetruestatements.ListeningWHILEyoulisten☐1ThemenbothusetheInternetatwork.☐2Thewomanthinkspeopleshouldn’tusetheInternetwhentheyareatwork.☐3ThemenboththinkthatusingtheInternetisawasteoftime.√√(Themendon’tthinkthatusingtheInternetisawasteoftime.) Listeningtotheworld3Listenandcompletetheanswerstothequestions.ListeningWHILEyoulisten1Accordingtothewoman,what’stheproblemwithworkerswhousetheInternetatwork?Answer:Lotsofworkersspend___________________insteadofdoingtheirwork.alldayontheInternet Listeningtotheworld3Listenandcompletetheanswerstothequestions.ListeningWHILEyoulisten2Accordingtothewoman,whyaresomeuniversitystudentsfailingtheirdegrees?Answer:BecausetheyspendalltheirtimecheckingFacebookand____________________________________.watchingthevideosthatfriendssendthem Listeningtotheworld3Listenandcompletetheanswerstothequestions.ListeningWHILEyoulisten3Whydothemendisagreewiththewoman’sopinionthatpeopleshouldn’tusetheInternetatworkforanythingotherthanwork?Answer:BecausetheythinkusingtheInternethelpsto______________,justlikehavingacupofcoffeeor__________________________,orgoingtoabookshopor_______________apileofmagazines.giveyouabreaktalkingtosomeoneintheofficelookingthrough Listeningtotheworld3Listenandcompletetheanswerstothequestions.ListeningWHILEyoulisten4InwhatwayisreadingbooksdifferentfromsurfingontheInternet?Answer:Peoplearen’taddictedto_______________butcanbeaddictedtotheInternet.readingbooks Listeningtotheworld3Listenandcompletetheanswerstothequestions.ListeningWHILEyoulisten5WhatproblemsdopeoplewhoareaddictedtotheInternethave?Answers:1)Theyspendtoomuchtime____________________.2)TheychoosetheInternetover_________________.3)Theyforgethowto_________________________.infrontofthecomputersportsandgoingoutliveintherealworld Listeningtotheworld4Workinpairsanddiscussthestatements.ListeningAFTERyoulistenIpartlyagreewiththestatement.Ononehand,wehavetoadmitthattheInternetenhancesallourlivesonadailybasis.Wecansearchforinformationonline,communicatewithothers.Italsomakesourworkmoreconvenient.Ontheotherhand,theInternetisabigplatform,whichallowseveryonetoexpresstheirownopinions,evenreleaseunreliableinformationorrumors.Youmayreadfalsenews,falsestatisticsandmade-upstories.Itisimpossibleandunnecessarytoconductcyber-investigationsallthetime,butjustbecarefultocheckwhatyoureadonline.1Youshouldn’tbelievewhatyoureadontheInternet. ListeningtotheworldListeningAFTERyoulisten4Workinpairsanddiscussthestatements.2It’sbettertotalktosomeonethantosendthematextmessage.Ithinkitdepends.Traditionally,talkingtosomeonefacetofaceisagoodwaytoshowyoursincerityandyourattention.Besides,face-to-facetalkcanmakeyouwellunderstoodandensurethetalkgoessmoothly.But,ifyouaretooshytomakearequestface-to-face,sendingatextmessagewillbeabetterchoice.Ifyoudon’treceiveanyanswer,itmeanstheotherpersonhasdeclinedpolitely.TomostChinesepeoplethisisthebeststrategyinordertoavoidlosingface. ListeningtotheworldListeningAFTERyoulisten4Workinpairsanddiscussthestatements.3Onlinebookswillmeantheendofbookstores.Idonottotallyagreewiththestatement.Onlinebooksdonotreallymeantheendofbookstores,butthisnewreadingstyleindeedsignalstroubleforbookstores.Withoutdoubt,therearemanyadvantagesofonlinebooks.Theycomeatlowercostsandsaveusfromgoingtotheshop,purchasingabookorwastingtimeonhomedelivery.Theymakeourreadingmoreconvenient. ListeningtotheworldListeningAFTERyoulisten4Workinpairsanddiscussthestatements.3Onlinebookswillmeantheendofbookstores.Buttraditionalbookstoresstillhavetheirreasontoexist.Althoughprintedbooksaremoreexpensivethanonlinebooks,therearemanypeoplewhosticktothetradition.We’renevergoingtogetthatcomfortingsmellofpaperortheweightofagoodbookinourhandswhenwereadanonlinebook.So,traditionalbookstoreswillstillbethere.But,ifweconsiderthebookmarketasawhole,themarketshareoftraditionalbooksisgettingsmallerandsmaller. ListeningtotheworldSharingListeningViewing Listeningtotheworld1Readtheprograminformationbelowandanswerthequestions.ViewingBEFOREyouview1Whatdoyouthinkthechildrenwilldowhentheirtelevisionsandvideogamesaretakenaway?Ithinkaftertelevisionsandvideogamesaretakenaway,children’sattentionwillgotootherindoorandoutdooractivities.Forindooractivities,theycanplaywithtoys,theycanplaycards,puzzlesandsoon;foroutdooractivities,theycanengagethemselvesingardening,boating,campingetc.SowithoutTV,childrenwillhavemoreinterestingandfunthingstodo. Listeningtotheworld1Readtheprograminformationbelowandanswerthequestions.ViewingBEFOREyouview2Howdoyouthinktheparentswillfeelduringtheexperiment?Maybeattheverybeginning,thekidswillfeelboredanduncomfortable,andtheparentshavetospendmoretimeplayingwiththekids.Butwiththegoingoftheexperiment,whentheparentsfindmostkidscanadjustthemselvestothenewlifeverywell,andthereismorelaughterandhappinessderivedfromtheabsenceofTV,theparentsmayfeelrelieved. Listeningtotheworld2Watchthevideoclipandcheckthetruestatements.ViewingWHILEyouview☐1SomepeoplebelievethatchildrenwhowatchtoomuchTVgetfat.☐2TheprogramPanoramawenttoasecondaryschoolinManchester.☐3Thechildrenweregivenacameratorecordwhatwouldhappen.√(TheprogramPanoramawenttoaprimaryschoolinManchester.)(Eachfamilywasgivenacameratofilmwhatwouldhappen.) Listeningtotheworld2Watchthevideoclipandcheckthetruestatements.ViewingWHILEyouview☐4TheparentshadtoworkalotharderwhentherewerenoTVs.☐5Aftertheexperiment,thefamilieswatchedthesameamountofTVasbefore.√(Aftertheexperiment,thefamilieswatchedlessTVthantheydidbefore.) Listeningtotheworld3Watchthewholevideoclipagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.ViewingWHILEyouview1WhydosomepeoplesuggestTVshouldbebanned?ABecausekidscannotlearnfromTV.BBecauseTVmakespeopleaddicted.CBecauseTVdoesalotofharmtokids.DBecauseparentscannotlivewithoutTV.C Listeningtotheworld3Watchthewholevideoclipagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.ViewingWHILEyouview2HowmuchtimedochildrenspendwatchingTV?AChildrenwatch32wholedaysoftelevisionintheyearwhentheyarenine.BChildrenwatch32wholedaysoftelevisionintheyearwhentheyareeight.CChildrenwatch84wholedaysoftelevisionintheyearwhentheyarenine.DChildrenwatch84wholedaysoftelevisionintheyearwhentheyareeight.B Listeningtotheworld3Watchthewholevideoclipagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.ViewingWHILEyouview3Inthisexperiment,whatwillnotberemovedfrompeople’shomes?ATheTV.BThePC.CThevideogames.DThemicrowave.D Listeningtotheworld3Watchthewholevideoclipagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.ViewingWHILEyouview4WhydotheparentshavetoworkharderwithoutTV?ATheyhavetoteachtheirkidstocountnumbers.BTheyhavetoearnmoremoneytobuygamesfortheirkids.CTheyhavetocookmoredeliciousfoodfortheirkids.DTheyhavetospendmoretimeplayingwiththeirkids.D Listeningtotheworld3Watchthewholevideoclipagainandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion.ViewingWHILEyouview5Whatlong-termeffectdoestheexperimenthaveontheparticipatingfamilies?ATheydon’twatchTVinthemorninganymore.BTheyhavestayedawayfromTVsincethen.CTheyhaveamuchbetterfamilyatmosphere.DTheyspendmoretimewatchingnewsonTV.C ListeningtotheworldViewing4Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.AFTERyouview1Dotheparentsthinktheexperimentispositive?Whyorwhynot?Yes.Mostoftheparentsthoughttheexperimentwaspositive.BecausewithoutanyTV,therewasmorelaughterinthehouseandtheyweremoreofafamily. ListeningtotheworldViewing4Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.AFTERyouview2Whatdoyouthinkoftheexperiment?Doyouthinkitisagoodidea?Ithinktheexperimentisverygood.Overthelast30years,TVhasbecomeanimportantpartofourfamilylife.Itisalsocriticizedforitspotentialtopromoteaggressiveandnegativebehavior,toprovidenegativeandinappropriaterolemodelstoourchildren,andtocreatenegativevaluessuchasthevaluesofconsumptionandpossession.ButisitwisetoallowTVwatchingtobecomeasubjectforconfrontation?WeneedsuchakindofexperimenttoseetheinfluenceofTVclearly. ListeningtotheworldViewing4Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.AFTERyouview3IsTVablessingoracurse?Why?NowadayswatchingTVhasbecomeaveryimportantpartofmanypeople’sfamilylife.Asisknowntous,televisionpresentsavividandcolorfulworldforpeople.ThroughTV,peoplecanbebetterinformedofthelatestdevelopmentsacrosstheworld.Inthissense,TVisablessing.However,televisioncanalsobeacurse.VariousTVprogramsarelikelytomakepeoplebecome“couchpotatoes”.Asaresult,theirhealth,study,work,andevenlifecouldbeseverelyaffected.So,inmyopinion,whetherTVisablessingoracursedependsonyourownpersonalview. SpeakingforcommunicationRole-play1Listentotheconversationandcompletethetable. SpeakersGadgetsEssentialNotessentialReasons1MobilephoneIuseit1)_____________Ilovetalkingtopeople,and2)_______.MP3player∕TelevisionIdon’t3)___________________.DigitalcameraI’m4)________attakingphotosanyway.LaptopIusemylaptop5)__________,soyes,Ineedthat.2MobilephoneIneeditincasethere’s6)_____________andIhavetocallsomeone.Orifthere’s7)_________withoneofthechildren.TV∕LaptopIneedacomputerto8)_________________andkeepintouchwithpeople.Digitalcamera9)________________cantakethephotos!MP3player∕√√√√√√√√√√allthetimetextingwatchmuchtelevisionterribleforworkanemergencyaproblemgoontheInternetSomeoneelse SpeakingforcommunicationRole-play2Listentotheconversationsagainandmatchthestatements.SpeakersGadgetsExpressions11)MobilephoneaIsupposeit’snotessential2)MP3playerbNotessential.3)TelevisioncIcouldn’tlivewithout…21)MobilephoneaThat’sessentialreally.2)TVbIdon’tgoanywherewithout…3)DigitalcameracIsupposeIdon’tneedthat. AdditionalTipsExpressingessentialityUsingdifferentexpressions,youmayshowdifferentattitudestowardthingsaccordingtothedegreeofessentialitythey’vedisplayedinyourlife.Forexample,ifyouareamusiclover,youmayfindaniPodveryimportanttoyou,soyoucanuseexpressionslikeIneedit,Iuseiteveryday,Ican’tlivewithoutit,etc.Onthecontrary,supposeyouarepersuadedtobuyacamera,butactuallyyouarenotveryinterestedinphotography,thenyoumayuseexpressionslike(Isuppose)Idon’tneedit,Icanlivewithoutit,etc.SpeakingforcommunicationRole-playSpeakingskills AdditionalTipsExpressingessentialitySpeakingforcommunicationRole-playSpeakingskillsEssentialNotessential•That’sessential.•…isessentialto…•Iuseitallthetime/everyday.•Icouldn’tlivewithout…•It’sgood/importantbecause…•Itakeiteverywhere•Ineeditincase…•It’sveryuseful.•Icangowithout…•Icandowithout…•Isupposeit’snotessential… SpeakingforcommunicationRole-playSituation1Whatelectronicgadgetsshouldwebuy?A:Themobilephoneisessentialtome.Ican’tlivewithoutit.Ineeditincasethere’sanemergencyandIhavetocallsomeone.B:Ican’tlivewithoutthemobilephone,either.I’masecretary,andIneeditjustincasemybosscallsme.Sowe’llbuytwomobilephones.Howaboutthelaptop?A:I’madesigner.Thelaptopisveryimportantformyjob.Withoutit,mycareerwouldberuined.3Workinpairsandrole-playthesituations. SpeakingforcommunicationRole-playSituation1Whatelectronicgadgetsshouldwebuy?B:Soalaptopisessential.MP3player?Ilovemusic.Ican’tbearthethoughtoflifewithoutit.SoanMP3playeristhegadgetImusthave.A:TheDVDplayerisout-of-date.IusuallywatchmoviesontheInternet.It’smuchmoreconvenient.BesidesifIwanttodosomeediting,mostDVDplayerscan’thelpnow.ImustturntosomepopularcomputerprogramsontheInternet.SoIthinkwedon’tneedone.3Workinpairsandrole-playthesituations. SpeakingforcommunicationRole-playSituation1Whatelectronicgadgetsshouldwebuy?B:Digitalcamera?Iwantone.I’mnotaphotographer,butIlovetofilmeveryimportantpersonandmomentinmylife.Soadigitalcameraisagoodhelp.IfeelproudandhappywhenIwatchthosevideosI’vemade.A:DigitalTV?IsupposeIdon’tneedadigitalTV.Althoughitcanprovidemuchclearerandhigher-qualitypictures,ithasratherlimitedprogramstochoosefrom.IthinkitwillbereplacedbytheInternetorsomeothertechnologyinthefuture.3Workinpairsandrole-playthesituations. SpeakingforcommunicationRole-playSituation1Whatelectronicgadgetsshouldwebuy?B:TheiPadisanewgadget.ManypeoplearemadaboutitandIamoneofthem.ThefirstthingIdowhenIopenmyeyeseverydayistoturnonmyiPad.Ican’tlivewithoutit.Doyouwantone,too?A:No,Idon’thinktheiPadisessential.ButI’maddictedtothegamesonthePSP.Idon’tgoanywherewithoutit.SoIwanttohaveaPSPinstead.3Workinpairsandrole-playthesituations. SpeakingforcommunicationRole-playSituation2Whatstationeryitemsshouldwebuy?A:Itakeeightcoursesthissemester,soIneedeightnotebooks.B:IsupposeIdon’tneedsomanynotebooks.Twowilldo.ButIneedsomeexercisebooks.Doyouwantsome?A:Yes,Ineedtwojustincase.Whatelsedoyouneed?B:Highlighters.Ilovethem.Ialwaysusethemtohighlightimportantpartsinbooks.3Workinpairsandrole-playthesituations. SpeakingforcommunicationRole-playSituation2Whatstationeryitemsshouldwebuy?A:Idon’tthinkthat’sessentialforme.Idon’tlikemarkingbookswithhighlighters.B:Doyouneedsomepencils?A:Idon’tusepencilsanymore.Iusepensinstead.B:ButwedoneedtousepencilstomarkanswersontheAnswerSheetinexams.3Workinpairsandrole-playthesituations. SpeakingforcommunicationRole-playSituation2Whatstationeryitemsshouldwebuy?A:Oh,yes,you’reright.Pencilsaredefinitelyessential.Soaretheerasers.B:Yes,theyareuseful.A:Howaboutrulers?Doyouwantone?B:No,IthinkIcandowithoutone.3Workinpairsandrole-playthesituations. SpeakingforcommunicationGroupdiscussion1Listentoapassageandcompletethenotes.Getideas1Ichoose1)____________charactersandgotoBlazingFalls.2Webuildahouse2)____________________.3WhenI’vefinished,Ihaveafeelingof3)____________________.Day1twonearthesearealachievement SpeakingforcommunicationGroupdiscussion1Listentoapassageandcompletethenotes.Getideas1Iwalkintoahousewith4)____________people.2IfeelnervousbecauseI’venever5)____________tostrangersbefore.3Itype“6)____________”.Nooneanswers.Ifeeluncomfortableand7)____________.4Itypesomethingagain,feelinglike8)_________atschoolwhonobodywantstotalkto.5Iget9)____________andleavetotalkto10)____________________.Day212talkedonlinehellolonelyanewgirlboredmyrealfriends SpeakingforcommunicationGroupdiscussion1Listentoapassageandcompletethenotes.Getideas1IsendTroyinto11)_______________.2Heis12)______________sowhenhewalksin,people13)____________________.3I’m14)____________________withmynewfriends.Inreallife,I15)_____________________forages.I’mamazedbythegoodfeelingIget.Day3aclubgood-lookingstarttalkingtohimonthedancefloorhaven’tbeendancing SpeakingforcommunicationGroupdiscussion2Workingroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.Discussandorganizeideas1Whatcomputergamesdoyouusuallyplay?2Whydoyoulikeplayingthesegames?UsuallyIplayAngryBirds.It’sagoodwaytokilltimeandrelaxmyself. SpeakingforcommunicationGroupdiscussion2Workingroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.Discussandorganizeideas3Whatnewexperiencesdoyouhaveinthegames?4Whoseexperiencesincomputergamesimpressyouthemost?Why?It’seasyformetopickup.Besides,itmakesmefeelbetterwhenIamangry.X’s.Ihaveneverplayedgamesformorethantwohours,butXplayedfromThursdaynightandthroughthewholeweekend.Ijustcouldn’timagineit. SpeakingforcommunicationGroupdiscussion3Prepareforapresentationusingthefollowingoutline.DiscussandorganizeideasThenameofthecomputergameThereasonsforplayingthegameThethingspeoplecandointhegameThenew/differentexperiencespeoplemayhaveinthegameHowIfeelabouttheexperiencesMyopinionsoncomputergames SpeakingforcommunicationGroupdiscussion4Presentthemostimpressiveexperiencesofplayingcomputergamestotheclass.Presentideas FurtherpracticeinlisteningShortconversations1Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?BSearchforinformationontheInternet.2Q:WhatdoyouthinkMr.Johnsonwillmostprobablydo?CHewilltellhissonnottotakehisphonetoschool.3Q:Whatdoesthewomansayaboutpeopleaged50to65?DTheyarenotverylikelytogetinvolvedinonlinedating.4Q:WhatdoesJenniferwanttoknow?DWhichonlineplatformsuitsherneeds.5Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?CTheman’spersonalinformationwasleakedonline. FurtherpracticeinlisteningLongconversation1Q:Whatdidthemandoforhisgrandmother?BHetaughthisgrandmotherhowtouseelectronicgadgets.2Q:Whatproblemdoestheman’sgrandmotherhave?BSheisunabletouseherhouseholdelectronicitems.3Q:Whatdotheman’sgrandmotherandthewoman’saunthaveincommon?ATheyarebothreluctanttolearnhowtouseelectricitems.4Q:Whatwillthemandotohelphisgrandmother?CTrytomakeherinterestedinelectronicitems. FurtherpracticeinlisteningPassage11Q:Whatdoesthewritercompare“wilfing”to?DWindowshopping.2Q:Whatwebsitesarethemostpopularamongwilfers?AShoppingwebsites.3Q:Whatdidthepollfindoutaboutwilfing?APeopleunder25weremorelikelytowilfthanthoseaged55andabove.4Q:Howdoadultentertainmentwebsitesattractusers?DByusingpop-uptechnologyandbulkemails.Listentoapassageandchoosethebestanswertoeachquestion. FurtherpracticeinlisteningPassage2Listentoapassagethreetimesandfillintheblanks.TheNewYorkPoliceDepartment(NYPD)announceditwillformanewunittosearchsocialmediaaspartofthecombinedeffortsagainstcriminals.Thisisanofficial1)__________tocriminals’growinguseofsomewebsitestoplanandcelebrate2)___________achievements.Apolicechief,KevinO’Connor,is3)_____________anNYPDunitcreatedspecificallytocombsocialmediasiteslikeFacebook,Twitter,andBlackBerryMessengerforinformationonplannedcrimesandtheiroffenders.responseillegalinchargeof FurtherpracticeinlisteningPassage2TheeffortsagainstcriminalshavelinkedsocialmediatoincreasingincidentsofrobberiesintheUnitedStatesandtherecentriotinginLondon.Publicsafetyagenciesare4)____________lookingtostepuptheireffortsinordertobetterprotectcitizensagainstthesetrends.IntheLondonriotsinparticular,thepolicesuspecttherioters5)_________________BlackBerryMessengertocoordinateandplantheirriots.PolicethereareworkingwithBlackBerryMessengertoidentifythosemessagesthatare6)____________burningandrobbingLondonstores.consequentlyreliedheavilyonlinkedto FurtherpracticeinlisteningPassage2BlackBerryMessengerandothersmartphonemessagingservicesmakeithardforthepoliceto7)____________criminalactivity,especiallyiftheyaren’tas8)_______________thetechnologyastheoffendersare.TheNYPDunitintendstoeducateofficersaboutsuchtechnologyto9)________thisdefect.Forsocialmediaprovidersandsmartphonemakers,thecriminals’preferencefortheirproductsisputtingtheminthestickypositionofdetermininghowtoassistpoliceeffortswithout10)____________lawfulcustomers’privacy.anticipatefamiliarwithremedybetraying WrappingupUsethefollowingself-assessmentchecklisttocheckwhatyouhavelearnedinthisunit.OKNeedsworkIcantalkaboutmytechnologyanditsinfluenceonourlives.Icanlistenforagreementanddisagreement.Icanuseavarietyofexpressionstotalkaboutessentiality.Icantalkaboutmyexperiencesandfeelingsofplayingcomputergames. FuntimeEnjoythevideoclip. 實驗研究法多因子實驗設計指導老師：黃萬居教授學生：陳志鴻m92960187 一、實驗控制方法六、優點二、何謂「多因子實驗」七、變異數分析（factorialexperiment）三、自變項對依變項關係八、實例四、多因子設計型式九、結論五、多因子設計例子十、參考文獻項次88 一、實驗控制方法實驗的控制方法有排除變項法（eliminationmethod）納入法（building-it-intomethod）或（多）因子設計法配對法（matchingmethod）隨機法（randomization）共變數分析法（analysisofcovariance）。89 二、何謂「多因子實驗」（factorialexperiment）林清山(2002)指出：所謂「多因子實驗」是研究者在一個實驗裡同時觀察兩個或兩個以上的自變項對一個依變項之影響的實驗而言。林重新(2001)認為多因子實驗設計就是探討兩個或兩個以上自變項對依變項的關係。90 三、自變項對依變項關係自變項對依變項的關係可分成兩個層次來探討：(一)主要影響效果：(maineffect)自變項單獨對依變項的影響力。(二)交互作用影響效果：(interactioneffect)自變項間經過交互作用後對依變項所產生的影響力。91 四、多因子設計型式因子設計已發展成不同水準的複雜性。Factorialdesignshavebeendevelopedwithvaryinglevelsofcomplexity.Thesimpleoneisthe22design.Thenumberofdigitsshowsthenumberofindependentvariablesbeingstudied.Thenumericalvalueofthedigitsshowsthenumberoflevelsforeachindependentvariable.(P.106)其中簡單的一種是22因子設計。數字的個數顯示有幾個獨立變數作為研究。數字的數值顯示各個獨立變數的水準數。92 因子設計：將可能的影響變項加以系統化的觀察並納入實驗設計裡。五、多因子設計例子例一：我們懷疑電腦輔助教學可能對男生與女生產生不同的影響，則我們可以使用二因子變異數分析來處理性別與教學法的交互作用效果，其架構如下：93 由下圖中我們可以單獨觀察教學法的主要影響效果（XCAI，X傳統）及性別的主要影響效果（X男，X女），亦可進一步分析，性別×教學法的交互作用效果（interactioneffect）是否達到顯著水準。若達到顯著性，則我們可以下結論說實驗處理或教學法對不同的性別有差異性的影響。CAI傳統資料來源：林重新(2001)教育研究法(300頁)。台北市：揚智。女CAI性別男女X男女傳統男傳統男CAIX女表1教學法對教學影響94 「教學氣氛」和「教學方法」這兩個自變項對依變項亦即教學效果的影響。例二：研究者是在一個實驗裡同時操弄兩個自變項：一、「教室氣氛」：分成「嚴肅」、「輕鬆」兩個水準。二、「教學方法」：分為「演講」、「自學」、「啟發」三個類別。95 表二單因子實驗設計和二因子實驗設計比較(教室氣氛)嚴肅輕鬆(教學方法)演講自學啟發15名15名10名10名10名(教學方法)(c)演講自學啟發5名5名5名5名5名5名(教室氣氛)嚴肅輕鬆15名15名10名10名10名資料來源：林清山(2001)。心理與教育統計學(頁369)。台北市：台灣東華。96 Therearenumberofadvantagesintheuseofthefactorialdesign:(p.106)First,theresearchercantreatasindependentvariableswhatwouldotherwiseberegardedasextraneousvariables.Secondly,manyindependentfactorscanbeconsideredsimul-taneouslyinasinglestudy,whichcanresultinsavingsineffortandworkonthepartofresearcher.Thirdly,thefactorialdesignclaimstohavehighinternalvalidity.Fourthly,theinteractioneffectsofmanyvariablescanstudiesatthesametimewhichisoftenessentialineducationalresearch.第一：研究者能將在他種方法被認為無關的變數加以控制，當作獨立變數來使用。第二：在單一的研究中，可同時考慮到許多的獨立因子而節省一部份的研究工作。第三：因子設計擁有高度的內在效度。六、優點第四：此設計能在同時間內研究許多變數間的交互影響，這在教育研究中通常是不可或缺的。97 林清山(2002)認為採用多因子實驗設計有下列三個優點：一、除了可以考驗每一個自變項的「主要效果」之外，還可以探討自變項與自變項的交互作用效果。二、較為經濟。三、可以當作控制實驗誤差來源之用。98 七、變異數分析實驗結束後得到的資料可用「二因子變異數分析」(two-wayANOVA)來分析。在AB的二因子實驗設計之中，因樣本的性質可分為三種形式。二因子變異數分析事實上是二個單因子變異數分析的組合，可確定二自變項是否彼此獨立。(王保進，2002)99 三種形式：一、A與B因子皆是獨立樣本的設計，或稱為「二因子受試者間設計」，是屬於「完全隨機化多因子設計」(completelyrandomizedfactorialdesign)。二、A因子與B因子皆是相依樣本的設計，或稱為「二因子受試者內設計」，是為「隨機化區組多因子設計」(randomizedblockfactorialdesign)。三、A與B因子其中有一個為獨立變項，另一個為依變項的「受試者間內混合設計」或「分割區設計」(split-splotdesign)。100 八、實例：「以問題為中心的合作學習策略對國小學童科學學習之研究」(黃善美、黃萬居，2003)(一)研究設計：採取所羅門四組實驗設計。表三實驗設計表T2控制組C2T2T1控制組C1T2QX1實驗組E2T2QX1T1實驗組E1後測教學期間實驗處理前測組別資料來源：黃善美、黃萬居(2003)。“以問題為中心的合作學習策略對國小學童科學學習之研究”。科學教育研究與發展，32，10。101 (二)二因子變異數分析為探討不同教學法對高、中、低推理能力學童在後測成績差異情形，因此，分別以高、中、低推理能力學童為對象，以「前測經驗」和「教學法」為自變項，學童的後測成績為依變項，進行二因子變異數分析，以了解前測經驗、教學處理以及測驗與實驗處理的交互作用之間的關係。結果發現：經過以問題為中心的合作學習教學，對於高、中、低推理能力學童之科學概念理解，有較顯著正向效果。102 九、結論古典的實驗設計屬於單一變項法則，僅操縱一個自變項，往往無法反應錯綜複雜的社會環境，對於探討因素間複雜的交互作用，「多因子實驗」就顯現出其重要性。因子設計可以延伸至複雜的應用。例如：一個實驗使用了四個教學策略，受測者包三種不同的能力階層及五個年齡層，可435因子設計。當然，如此大量的處理資料工作必須用複雜的統計方法透過電腦來處理。103 十、參考文獻林重新(2001)。教育研究法。台北市：揚智。林清山(2002)。心理與教育統計。台北市：台灣東華。王保進(2002)。視窗版SPSS與行為科學研究。台北市：心理。黃善美、黃萬居(2003)。以問題為中心的合作學習策略對國小學童科學學習之研究。科學教育研究與發展，32，1-31。G.K.Verma&K.Mallick(1999)ResearchingEducation:PerspectivesandTechniques.FALMERPRESS.104'