最新鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤25课件PPT.ppt 29页

'鼻腔鼻窦肿瘤25 一、鼻腔鼻窦乳头状瘤 主要发生在鼻腔鼻窦多见于40岁以上单侧发病与乳头状瘤病毒感染有关内翻性乳头状瘤又称为边缘性肿瘤、癌前状态、潜在性恶性肿瘤 治疗手术切除：鼻侧切开、上唇揭翻进路（面中翻）、鼻内镜手术术后复查恶变者应辅以放疗 知识链接点内翻性乳头状瘤恶变征象？1、术后迅速复发2、迅速侵及临近组织或结构3、反复鼻出血4、顽固性头面部疼痛 乳头状瘤恶变向颅内和眶内侵犯 内翻性乳头状瘤影像学特征？ 二、鼻-鼻窦恶性肿瘤和恶性肉芽肿 原发于鼻窦的较鼻腔的多：发病率依次为上颌窦筛窦额窦蝶窦鼻-鼻窦癌：以鳞状细胞癌多见鼻-鼻窦肉瘤：以恶性淋巴瘤多见 临床表现单侧鼻塞、脓血涕单侧面颊部疼痛或麻木、上列磨牙痛或松动破坏或压迫症状淋巴结转移 诊断单侧鼻塞、脓血涕应考虑有鼻-鼻窦恶性肿瘤的可能鼻腔有菜花状、坏死易出血、广基的肿瘤鼻内镜检查鼻窦CT、MRI检查病理确诊 治疗手术治疗放射治疗化学治疗联合治疗：放疗+手术+放疗化疗+手术预后：因早期诊断困难、预后多不良 嗅母细胞瘤 鼻腔恶性淋巴瘤 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江苏省锡山高级中学匡村实验学校初中数学九年级（苏科版）初三数学一轮复习数与式实数的运算 学习目标：1、熟练掌握实数运算法则、运算顺序、实数运算律2、掌握精确度、有效数字和科学记数法学习难点：有效数字的理解、实数的运算的灵活运用学习重点：科学记数法、有效数字实数的运算、 1、精确度、有效数字和科学记数法例1、（1）江苏省的面积约为102600km2，这个数据用科学记数法可表示为km2．（2）据生物学统计，一个健康的成年女子体内每毫升血液中红细胞的数量约为420万个，用科学记数法可以表示为_______个；一种细菌的半径约为0.000045米，用科学记数法表示为米 例2、(1)近似数0.0572精确到___位，有___个有效数字,分别是___(2)近似数72.3万精确到___位，有___个有效数字,分别是___(3)近似数精确到___位，有___个有效数字,分别是___ 例3、用四舍五入的方法按要求取近似数(1)64.8精确到个位为____；(2)1.595精确到0.01为____；(3)0.0692保留2个有效数字为____；(4)－30540保留3个有效数字____；(5)45200精确到千位____； 例4、如图是一台计算机D盘属性图的一部分，从中可以看出该硬盘容量的大小，请用科学记数法将该硬盘容量表示为字节．（保留3位有效数字）A．2.01×10B．2.02×10C．2.02×10D．2.018×10 2、实数的运算例5、计算 巩固训练（1）（2） 例6.将自然数按以下规律排列，则位于第六行第四十五列的数是． 例7.用“☆”定义新运算：对于任意实数a、b，都有a☆b＝。例如7☆4＝＝17，那么5☆3＝；当m为实数时，m☆(m☆2)＝； 例8．下面是按一定规律排列的一列数：第1个数：第2个数：第3个数：……第个数：．那么，在第10个数、第11个数、第12个数、第13个数中，最大的数是（）A．第10个数B．第11个数C．第12个数D．第13个数'