最新初检束身心之礼--童子礼-屠羲时-明代课件PPT.ppt 33页

'初检束身心之礼--童子礼-屠羲时-明代 从《礼记·少仪》始，记录儿童举止言行的规条的书很多。屠羲时在前人提出的规条的基础上，总结加工，提出了“检束身心之礼”、“入事父兄、出事师尊痛行之礼”、“书堂肄业之礼”三方面的要求，文字比较浅显，也比较易行。《易》曰：“蒙以养正，圣功也。”而养正莫先于礼。盖人之自失其正，以自外于圣人之途者，率以童幼之年，不闻礼教。则耳目手足，无所持循；作止语默，无所检束。及其既长，沿习偷安，徇情任气，如已决之水，不可堤防，已放之条，不可盘郁，何所不至哉！是故朱子《小学》，必先洒扫、应对之节。程子谓即此便可达天德，信非诬也。世之父兄，既以姑息为恩，而为之师者，日役役焉以课程为急。故一切礼教，废搁不讲，童蒙何赖焉？兹本《曲礼》、《内则》、《少仪》、《弟子职》诸篇，附诸儒训蒙要语，辑为《童子礼》。 晨兴.即当盥栉以饰容仪。凡盥面.必以巾帨遮护衣领.卷束两袖.勿令沾湿。栉发.必使光整.勿散乱。但须敦尚朴雅.不得为市井浮薄之态。　　凡着衣.常加爱护。饮食须照管。勿令点污。行路须看顾.勿令泥渍。遇服役.必去上服.只着短衣.以便作事。有垢.破.必洗浣补缀.以求完洁。整衣欲直.结束欲紧。毋使偏斜宽缓。上自总髻.下及鞋履.加意修饰.令与礼容相称。其燕居及盛暑时.尤宜矜持.不得袒衣露体。能如此.虽服布素.亦自可观。今世父母.华其子之衣履.而不能约之以礼.竟亦何益。 凡视听.须收敛精神.常使耳目专一。目看书.则一意在书.不可侧视他所。耳听父母训诫.与先生讲论.则一意承受.不可杂听他言。其非看书听讲时.亦当凝视收听.毋使此心外驰。童子聪明始开.发于耳目。耳目无所防禁.则聪明为外物所诱。而心不存矣。故养蒙者谨之。　　凡饮食.须要敛身离案.毋令太逼。从容举箸.以次着于盘中。毋致急遽.将肴蔬拨乱。咀嚼毋使有声。亦不得恣所嗜好.贪求多食。安放碗箸.俱当加意照顾.毋使失误坠地。非节假.及尊长命.不得饮酒。 饮亦不过三爵。礼始诸饮食.君子慎之。童子之于饮食.尤所易纵而失礼者也。惟父母毋溺爱.而与之有节。师长毋避怨.而教之以礼。非惟可以养德.亦可以养神.此为最要.　　以上初检束身心之礼 LanguagepointsLessons26-27 (be)atwar处于战争／交战状态TheUSAthendeclaredthatitwasatwarwiththatcountry.Whenhecameback,hefoundthathiscountrywasatwar. desertvt.抛弃，遗弃，脱离；（在需要的时候）失去adj./n.沙漠；荒无人烟的·Thehunterdesertedhisinjuredcomrades.Whenhehadtospeaktotheheadteacher,hiscouragesuddenlydesertedhim.Therestoftheterritoryismostlydesert.Hewaslivingonadesertisland. falltopieces垮台，崩溃，倒塌，解体AfterthedeathofNapoleon,hisempirebegantofalltopieces.Theoldbuildingfelltopiecesinthewar.Theydesertedtheirorganizationanditfelltopieces. last(for)＋一段时间．持续／延续一段时间Thefilmwilllast(for)threehours.Themeetinglastedtoolongforustositstill. laydown放下;铺;制订,规定laydownone’slife牺牲生命laydownone"sarms放下武器Theyoungmotherlaidthebabydowngentlyonthebed.Theguestlaiddownhisknifeandforkwithalookofcompletesatisfaction.Thesepricelimitsarelaiddownbythegovernment.Theconferencewilllaydownthepropermeasuresandmethods. veryfew＝onlyafew＝onlyaveryfew很少／极少quiteafew＝agoodfew＝many好些／相当多notafew＝many不少／相当多 waitingtobereplaced现在分词作伴随状语Shefinishedallherworkfeelingrelaxed.Hesatinachairreadingnewspapers. replace=taketheplaceofvt.代替、取代JohnwillreplaceBillintheteam.Cananythingreplaceamother"sloveandcare?Wehavereplacedslavelabourwith/bymachines.MrAwillreplaceMrBaspresident.A先生将代替B先生任总裁。 watchover查看，照看，负责；看守，监视等①Iamhisbestfriend,andIwillalwayswatchoverhim.②Theywerewatchedoverbythreepolicemen. protectsb./sth.from/against…保护某人／某物免受…Youshouldwearyoursunglassestoprotectyoureyesagainst/fromsunlight.Theairconditioneriscoveredwithapieceofmetalboard,whichprotectsitfromwater. besidesadv.(＝moreover＝inaddition)还有，而且。通常置于句首。prep.除…之外，还有…Idon’twanttogooutnow.Besides,I’mfeelingtired.Thetaskisdifficult；besides,timeislimited.Therearefiveotherroomsbesidesthesetwo. tomakethingsworse插入语，情况更糟的是carryonwith＝goonwith＝continue(with) spreadvt.铺开，伸开；涂，抹；传播，散布等vi.伸展，延伸；蔓延，传染；传开①Hespreadablanketonthebed.②Thesea,blueandstill,wasspreadbeforeus.③Theradiospreadthenewsassoonasithappened.④Shespreadhertoysallovertheroom.①Theforestspreadsfromheretotheriver.②Intwentyyearsthecityhasspreadquicklytothenorth.③Thefirespreadfromthefactorytothehousesnearby.④Thecaptaintoldhismentospreadout. takeon开始具有，呈现，获得雇用，接受（从事），让上车Herfacetookonanangrylook.AfterthestudentsputupChristmasdecorations,theclassroomtookonaholidayappearance.Thefactoryhasopenedanditisbeginningtotakeonnewworkers.Hetakesonadditionalworkintheevenings.Thebustookonmorepassengers. nowhere置于句首是为了强调，这时句子多用倒装。如果nowhere不置于句首，则句子不倒装。Nowhereelsecanyouenjoysuchbeautifulmusic.Nowhereisthereaplaceforhimtosettledown.Mywatchisnowheretobefound.Theoldladywentnowhere,juststayedathome. 具有否定意义并放到句首形成倒装句的词除副词nowhere外，还有seldom,hardly,never,little,notonly…butalso,nosooner…than等。①OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.②Seldomdoeshetakepartintheconversation.③NeverinmylifehaveIheardofsuchafunnystory. oppositeadj.对面的；相反的oppositeto+n./pron.在……对面,和……相反oppositeprep.在……对面，有时和opposite(adj.)to意义相近 Heranacrosstotheoppositesideofthestreet.BillandMaryhadoppositeideasabouttheweather.Hesmiledandsatdownoppositetoher.Hispoliticalpositionisoppositetoours.Thehouseoppositeourswasburntdownlastweek.Thebusstoppedjustoppositethepostoffice. coveranareaof…=haveanareaof…占／有…的面积Chinahas/coversanareaofabout9,600,000squarekilometres. aswellas＝besides除…之外还othersoflessimportancewithinthisarea＝otherbuildingswhichwerelessimportantinthisarea. includevt.包括（有时有较活译法）①You"llfindthattheplanincludesmostofyoursuggestions.②TheChinesenationincludesthan50nationalminoritiesbesidestheHans.③Everyoneheretookpartinthefightagainsttheflood,includingoldpeople.④Everybodyhadsomethingtosay,meincluded. upuntil一直到……为止till/until作介词或连词,用于肯定句,谓语动词(或主句谓语动词)用持续性动词.HelivedinBeijingtill/until1990.PleasestayheretillIcomeback. ina…state或inastateof…处于…状态中Thehousewasinadirtystate.Heisinagoodstateofmind.他心情舒畅。Atthattime,thewholecountrywasinastateofwar. where,when,if,though等引起的从句，有时可以简化，只保留从句中必要的成分，特别当主谓语是itis/was时。Hemadesomemarksinthearticlewhere(itis)necessarytodoso.Let’spractisespeakingEnglishwhenandwhere(itis)possible.'