最新学校心理监护机制构建的几点思考课件PPT.ppt 52页

'学校心理监护机制构建的几点思考 主要内容学校心理监护与学生心理健康学校心理监护机制的构建教育者的心理健康与心理监护 一、中小学心理监护的内涵（一）内涵界定与理解运用心理学的理论和方法对中小学生的心理与行为依法进行观察发现、调节控制、维护教育（干预）。一方面是指在观察采集学生心理及其影响因素的信息基础上，把握学生心理活动变化及其倾向，以便采取恰当的方式进行调节与控制；另一方面是指引导学生主动维持和促进心理健康，提升学生的心理品质水平，在教育和辅导中培养学生的心理自助能力。 北师大一项研究：20所学校16472名中小学生调查（人际情绪自控动机自我概念学习自我评价）学段基本健康中度重度小学79.4%16.4%4.2%初中82.9%14.2%2.9%高中82.7%14.8%2.5% 2000年中科院心理所对中学生的一项研究指标正常轻度中度重度心理平衡性66.6%28.3%4.7%0.4%学习压力63.3%26.1%8.4%2.1%人际关系68.6%24.3%6.1%1%偏执75.2%20.4%3.7%0.7%情绪65.0%27.7%6.2%1.1% 常见的心理问题学习心理生活心理升学与就业心理人际关系心理情意心理自我意识1、过度焦虑2、抑郁倾向3、强迫症倾向4、社交恐怖5、嫉妒心过强6、活动过度7、睡眠障碍8、神经性厌食9、品行障碍10、性心理问题 （四）中小学生的心理健康健康：不仅仅之内有疾病或缺损，而是生理、心理和社会适应方面的完好状态（WHO）。1.心理健康的理解狭义：指人的的基本心理活动过程完整协调一致。不具有心理疾病或病态心理。广义：指一种高效而满意的持续的心理状态。在环境条件许可的范围内自身所能达到的一种最佳心理效能状态。个体与外界环境，自身内部诸因素保持动态平衡与协调状态。学生心理健康：完善性（心理结构完整协调）、适应性、和谐性（心理与行为反应） 2.心理健康标准中国古代人的标准经常保持乐观心境；不为物欲所累；不妄想妄为；意志坚强，循理而行；身心有劳有逸，有规律地生活；心身宁静；热爱生活，人际关系好；善于适应环境变化；涵养性格，陶冶气质，克服自己的缺点 马斯洛（A·Maslow)的心理健康标准（10条）有充分的安全感充分了解自己生活目标切合实际与现实环境保持接触人格的完整与和谐具有从经验中学习的能力保持良好的人际关系适度地控制自己和表达情绪在不违背团体要求的情况下，能适度地发挥个性在不违背社会规范的情况下，能适当地满足个人基本需要 心理健康的一般标准智力正常；情绪稳定且反应适度；意志健全；正确地自我认识；社会适应能力强；人际关系和谐；人格完整统一。 中小学生心理健康的标准敬业、乐群、自我修养（学习方面、人际关系方面和自我修养方面）一般表现为5个方面：有正常的智力活动，求知欲好奇心强、爱观察、爱幻想、有抱负、注意力比较集中，喜欢自己动手做事；乐于交往，适应学校和家庭生活；性格开朗活泼，情绪饱满愉快；能悦纳自己，正确评价自己；具有正常的行为方式 中小学心理监护机制的构建建立心理诊断体系建立心理干预体系建立心理监护工作保障体系 （一）心理诊断与判别心理健康的判别1、凭经验判别2、临床医学角度标准3、社会适应角度标准4、统计学角度标准心理问题、心理障碍、心理疾病；精神病、神经症等概念的理解 走进心灵了解学生分析学生的心理应处理好四个关系：1、先天与后天关系2、内因与外因关系3、教育与发展关系4、年龄特征与个别差异关系抓住心理发展的“关键期” 1、在鼓励中生活，将学会自信2、在过于赞扬中生活，将学会自负3、在适当表扬中生活，将学会自尊4、在羞辱中生活，将学会自卑5、在平等中生活，将学会公道6、在忍耐中生活，将学会容忍7、在争吵中生活，将学会诡辩8、在埋怨中生活，将学会责怪9、在偏爱中生活，将学会嫉妒10、在缺乏温暖中生活，将学会冷漠11、在打骂中生活，将学会脾气暴躁12、在寂静沉闷中生活，将寡言孤独 心理诊断的方法观察法（行为观察、会谈等等）调查法测验法（智力、人格、心理健康）实验法（创设一定情境）作品分析法（罗夏墨迹、箱庭治疗、作业等等）个案研究法 会谈评估记录简表当事人姓名年龄性别1、目前问题2、咨询的原由3、相关的治疗史（药物、毒品、疾病、手术）4、以前的心理咨询与治疗史5、学习、生活史6、简要心理状态评估（在项目上打勾）外表/衣着智力判断力幻觉/幻想思维混乱记忆恰当高良好没有没有完整不恰当中失缺有有失缺没评估低没评估没评估7、心境/情感描述8、临床诊断 做有童心的教育者用儿童的眼睛去观察用儿童的耳朵去倾听用儿童的兴趣去探索用儿童的情感去热爱 （二）学校心理干预体系构建的原则以预防、矫治与发展相结合面向全体与个别对待相结合助人互助与自助相结合学校、家庭与社区相结合整体性主体性尊重与理解开放与安全 全员全面全程全方位实施心理监护渗透式：学科教学中渗透心理教育；在综合实践活动中渗透心理教育；在班主任工作中渗透心理教育；在学校管理工作中渗透心理教育；在团队活动中渗透心理教育；在指导家庭教育和参与社区教育中渗透心理教育；在校园文化中渗透心理教育；在学校管理中渗透心理教育等等。专门式：团体心理辅导和个别心理辅导与咨询 （三）学校心理监护保障体系机构（校外、校内）制度（社会、学校）..心理教育文件学校人员职责.rtf人员（学校、家庭、社会） 三、教育者的心理健康及其维护教师心理健康问题比较严重教师心理健康问题.doc教师心理健康的标准及心理调节方法教师心理健康的标准.doc 谢谢大家！ 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新视野大学英语读写教程第三版B3U1SectionA课后练习答案 Pre-readingactivitiesP21Ithinktherearemainlythreereasonsleadingtomostpeople"sfailuretoachievesuccessintheend.First,theydonothavethepassion.Allthesuccessfulpeoplelovetheirworkandtheyhaveastrongpassionforit.Second,mostpeoplearenotclearaboutwhattheywant.Theydonotknowtheexactdestinationthattheywanttoreach,sotheyendupgoingnowhere.Finally,mostpeopledonotfocusonwhattheywant.Theyareonlyfocusingonandthinkingaboutwhattheydonnotwant,butthesuccessfulpeoplethinkabouttheirdreamsandtheirgoalsandhowtheycanachievethemallthetime.2.Inmyopinion,thereareatleastthreestepsapartfromtheonesintroducedinthetalk.First,weshouldlearntoadoptsuitablestrategies,whicharecriticaltomakingyouractionefficientandeffective.Second,weshouldrealizethesignificanceoflearning,whichcanprovideuswithsufficientknowledgeandskillsneededforachievingourgoals.Andfinally,weshouldcreateorfindopportunitiesratherthanwaitforopportunitiestofindus. ScriptIsitreallypossibletoachieveanythingyouwantinyourlife?Theanswerisa“yes”.Aslongasyouarecommittedtoyourgoalsandyouarepassionateaboutyourdreams,youwilleventuallyaccomplishthem.ToAccomplishamazingresultsinyourlife,youhavetobe100percentcommittedandyoumustbewillingtosacrificeyourtimeandeffort.Herearethreestepsthatyoumayfollowtomakeyourdreamscometrue.Step1---MapyourgoalsoutWritedownyourgoalsanddevelopadetailedblue-printofhowyouarenotgoingtoachievethem.Withoutgoals,youarenotgoingtostayfocusedonthedirectionyouareheading;youwillbedistractedbyyourSurroundings. Step2---BelieveinyourselfYoumustbelievethatyoucanattainyourgoalsandthatyourdreamswillcometrue.Ifyoudon’tbelieveinwhatyoudo,youwillneverachievewhatyouseek.Thisiscommonsense.Beliefiswhatdrivesyou.Youneedtohaveafirmbeliefbeforeyoucanachievesomething.Step3---TakeactionTakemassiveandconsistentaction.Successisallabouttakingconsistentactioneachday.Withouttakingaction,nothingwillcometrue.Itisnotthatonedayyouwakeupandyouhaveamilliondollarsinyourbank.Successwillnotcomeautomatically.Youhavetoworkforit;youhavetobringabouttheresults. UnderstandingthetextP91Heachievedfameforhiswit,wisdom,civicduty,andabundantcourage.2Theywerethoughttobeslowlearnersinchildhood,buttheyovercametheirchildhooddifficultiesandmademagnificentdiscoveriesthatbenefittheentireworldtoday.3Hisstrongwill.4Itmeanstokeeptheirfocusonachievingapositiveendresult,insteadoflettingsmallproblemsgetinthewayofgoodresults. UnderstandingthetextP95Becausetheyhavethewilltoovercomeprofoundobstaclesandtoworkdiligentlyinthepursuitoftheirgoals,andhavethepassionforsuccess.6Becausefirmspreferredtohirelessqualifiedmenratherthanriskhiringafemalelawyer,whichwasunprecedented.7Weshouldnevergiveuponourdream,andonedaywecanchangetheworldandmakeitabetterplace.8Thesecretofsuccessisbuiltuponaburninginwarddesire---arobust,fiercewillandfocus---thatfuelsthedeterminationtoact,tokeeppreparing,tokeepgoingevenwhenwearetiredandfail. CriticalthinkingP91Youmayhavetriedandfailedmanytimesbeforeyoufinallygetsuccess.Butitdoesnotmatter.Whatmattersiswhetheryoucansummonup(鼓起)allyourcourageagainandagaintofacethehardshipsstandinginthewayofsuccess.2Luck,talent,goodrelationshipswithyourcolleagues,etc. CriticalthinkingP93WhenIhaverealizedthatIampursuingsomethingthatishardtoachieve,Iwouldtrytosticktothegoal.ButlwillbegintothinkofwhatIcandotoimprovethesituation.Whenitstilldoesn"twork,Iwouldtrytoanalyzewhattheproblemisandthenmakesomechangesandprobablyresetmygoal.Yes,sometimeswearepursuingthewronggoalwhichcanneverbeachieved,onlytofindourselvesindeepfrustrationandprofoundfatigue.Inthissituation,Imaygiveupthewronggoalandsetupanothergoalthatisachievable. CriticalthinkingP94Followingtheguidanceofseniorpeople.•Gettingsoundadvicefromourparents.•Settingacorrectgoal.•Achievingsuccessstepbystep.•Developinggoodinterpersonalrelationships. WordsinuseP9lwhereby2pursuit3inhibit4maintain5patriotic6transcended7endeavors8dedication9prestige10nominate WordbuildingP11WordslearnedNewwordsformed-antinhabitantinhabitparticipateparticipantattendattendantpollutepollutantdescenddescendantcontestcontestanttoleratetolerantresultresultant-fulneglectneglectfulresourceresourcefulboastboastfulrespectrespectful WordbuildingP11lresultant2tolerant3pollutants4inhabited5contestants6descendants7attendants8respectful9participants10neglectful11resourceful12boastful BankedclozeP121F2G3H4J5E6A7N8I9Kl0M ExpressionsinuseP12lremovedfrom2failedin3inthepursuitof4deviatedfrom5precludes;from6triumphover7worktheirwayinto8writtenoff StructuredwritingP15They say there’s no place like home. In my case, there isn’t much that is good about my apartment. My apartment has given me nothing but headaches. From the day I signed the lease, I’ve had to deal with an uncooperative landlord, an incompetent janitor, and inconsiderate neighbors.First of all, my landlord has been uncooperative since the first day I moved to the apartment. He didn’t let me bring my fish into the apartment. He said that pets are not allowed even though it’s just a fish. Because of that, I must leave my fish at my parents’ house. He also forbids me from using water from 9 a.m. until 3 p.m. Because of that, I must wake up at 7 a.m. every day to take a bath. Of course I complained about this to him, but he said that is the apartment’s rule. Before I leased the apartment, he didn’t say that there are such rules in the apartment. StructuredwritingP15I’ve had problems not only with my landlord but also with an incompetent janitor. The janitor is a retired policeman. He tried to fix the pipe in the apartment, but he flooded the apartment instead.He also broke my air conditioner when he tried to fix it. Because of that, my apartment becomes as hot as a desert every afternoon. Not only that, but he also broke my antique vase that cost me $100. Even worse, when he plugged his USB flash drive into my laptop to copy my songs, the viruses from his flash drive spread into my laptop. I had to reformat my laptop, and because of that, all of my important documents are gone. StructuredwritingP15Perhaps the worst trouble of all has been with the inconsiderate neighbors who live in the apartment above me. My neighbors are two university students. They have lived upstairs for about one year. They like to party, so I can’t sleep. This happened not only once, but every Saturday night. I tried to speak to them, but they suggested putting in ear plugs when I’m about to sleep. On top of it all, they always turn up the volume of their music to the maximum.Sometimes, my apartment seems like a small, friendly oasis surrounded by hostile enemies. I never know what other trouble is going to come from next: the landlord, the janitor, or the neighbors. Home may be where the heart is, but my sanity is thinking about moving out. TranslationP16Globalcitizenissomeonewhoidentifieswithbeingpartofanemergingworldcommunityandwhoseactionscontributetobuildingthiscommunity"svaluesandpractices.世界公民是指一个人承认自己是新兴的全球社区的一分子，而且其行动对全球社区的价值打造和实践活动有所贡献。Globalcitizenshipbelievesthathumankindisessentiallyonandeachindividualhasthepowertochangethings.世界公民相信人类从本质上来说是一个整体，任何个人都有改变事物的能力。Inourinterdependentworld,globalcitizenshipencouragesustorecognizeourresponsibilitiestowardeachotherandlearnfromeachother.在我们这样一个相互依赖的世界中，世界公民意识鼓励我们认识到对彼此的责任，并从对方身上学习。 TranslationP16Globalcitizenscareabouteducation,disease,poverty,andenvironmentalissuesaroundtheworld.世界公民关心全球的教育、疾病、贫穷和环境问题。Today,theforcesofglobalengagementarehelpingsomepeopleidentifythemselvesasglobalcitizenswhohaveasenseofbelongingtoaworldcommunity.在当今，全球合作的力量在使一些人萌发世界公民的意识，让他们拥有对全球社区的归属感。Thisgrowingglobalidentityinlargepartismadepossiblebytheforcesofmoderninformation,communicationsandtransportationtechnologies.这种不断发展的世界公民意识在很大程度上来讲，要归功于现代信息、通信和交通技术的力量 TranslationP16Globalcitizenshipaimstoempowerpeopletoleadtheirownaction.世界公民意识致力于给予人们力量让他们付诸行动。Alongwiththeknowledgeandvaluesthattheyhavegainedfromlearningaboutglobalissues,peopleneedtobeequippedwiththenecessaryskillstogivethemselvestheabilityandconfidencetobepro-activeinmakingapositivedifferenceintheworld.世界公民除了要从世界问题中学习知识和价值观，还要拥有必需的技能，使他们拥有能力和自信，积极推动世界的发展。 TranslationP16世界公民是指一个人承认自己是新兴的全球社区的一分子，而且其行动对全球社区的价值打造和实践活动有所贡献。世界公民相信人类从本质上来说是一个整体，任何个人都有改变事物的能力。在我们这样一个相互依赖的世界中，世界公民意识鼓励我们认识到对彼此的责任，并从对方身上学习。世界公民关心全球的教育、疾病、贫穷和环境问题。在当今，全球合作的力量在使一些人萌发世界公民的意识，让他们拥有对全球社区的归属感。这种不断发展的世界公民意识在很大程度上来讲，要归功于现代信息、通信和交通技术的力量。世界公民意识致力于给予人们力量，让他们付诸行动。世界公民除了要从世界问题中学习知识和价值观，还要拥有必需的技能，使他们拥有能力和自信，积极推动世界的发展。 TranslationP16如今，很多年轻人不再选择"稳定"的工作，他们更愿意自主创业，依靠自己的智慧和奋斗去实现自我价值。Nowadays,manyyoungpeoplenolongerchoose"stable"jobs.Instead,theyprefertostarttheirownbusinessesandrealizetheirself-valuethroughtheirownwisdomandefforts. TranslationP16青年创业（youngentrepreneurship）是未来国家经济活力的来源，创业者的成功不但会创造财富、增加就业机会、改善大家的生活，从长远来看，对于国家更是一件好事，创业者正是让中国经济升级换代的力量。Youngentrepreneurshipisthesourceofnationaleconomicvitalityinthefuture.Thesuccessofentrepreneursnotonlycreatesfortune,increasesjobopportunities,improvespeople"slife,butitisalsogoodforthecountryinthelongterm.EntrepreneursareadrivingforceinupgradingChina"seconomy. TranslationP16尤其是在当前，国家鼓励大众创业、万众创新，在政策上给予中小企业支持，这更加激发了年轻人的创业热情。Especiallyforthetimebeing,ourcountryisencouragingpeopletostarttheirownbusinessesandmakeinnovationsandgivingpolicysupportformediumandsmallbusinesses.Thisfurtherarousesyoungpeople"senthusiasmtostarttheirownbusinesses. TranslationP16Nowadays,manyyoungpeoplenolongerchoose"stable"jobs.Instead,theyprefertostarttheirownbusinessesandrealizetheirself-valuethroughtheirownwisdomandefforts.Youngentrepreneurshipisthesourceofnationaleconomicvitalityinthefuture.Thesuccessofentrepreneursnotonlycreatesfortune,increasesjobopportunities,improvespeople"slife,butitisalsogoodforthecountryinthelongterm.EntrepreneursareadrivingforceinupgradingChina"seconomy.Especiallyforthetimebeing,ourcountryisencouragingpeopletostarttheirownbusinessesandmakeinnovationsandgivingpolicysupportformediumandsmallbusinesses.Thisfurtherarousesyoungpeople"senthusiasmtostarttheirownbusinesses.'