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'LetThereBePeaceonEarthYanglijunFacultyofCollegeEnglishTeachingNewEraInteractiveEnglishLevel4Chapter6
TeachingArrangementsReadingWarm-upActivitiesStudyoftheTextBackgroundInformationInterpretationofimportantanddifficultlanguagepointsWritingTranslationAssignment
Warm-upquestions:DoyouknowanythingabouttheMiddleEast?ListsomecountriesintheMiddleEast?Doyouknowanythingaboutthe“InternationalDayofPeace”?
TheMapofJerusalem
JerusalemJerusalemJerusalemJerusalem
21SeptemberIn1981theUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblypassedresolution36/67declaringanInternationalDayofPeace.In2001,theUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyadoptedanewresolution55/282declaring21SeptemberofeachyearastheInternationalDayofPeace
SeedsofPeace(abridged)
ThePLOwasfoundedin1964duringthefirstArabsummitinCairo,whereleadersof13Arabnationspledgedtotakeamoreactiveroleforthe"liberationofPalestine."SincethattimeithasdeclareditselftherepresentativeofthePalestinianpeopleandtheirnationalistaspirations.ThePLOoperatedprimarilyasanumbrellaorganizationforsixPalestiniangroups,mostprominently,YasirArafat"sFatahgroup.In1969,ArafatwaselectedPLOChairman,andFatahbecamethedominantpartyinthePLO.BackgroundInformation:PLO
BackgroundInformation:SeedsofPeaceSeedsofPeaceworkstosecurelastingpeaceintheMiddleEastbybringingtogetherArabandIsraeliteenagers,aged13to15,beforetheirfear,mistrustandprejudiceshavepermanentlyshapedtheirvisionoftheir“enemy”.SeedsofPeacebeginswhereinternationalagreementsend—dispellingfearintheheartsandmindsofthenextgenerationandpreparingthemforthearduoustaskofpeacemaking.BynurturinglastingfriendshipstheprogrammakesitpossiblefortheseyoungsterstobecometheSeedsfromwhichanenduringpeacewillgrow.
JamesBakerBillClintonYitzhakRabinGeorgeW.BushJimmyCarterYasserArafatHenryKissingerGeorgeShultz
"SeedsofPeacebringstomorrow"sleaderstogether,changingmindsandheartsonepersonatatime.“UnitedStatesPresidentGeorgeW.Bush"ThesuccessofSeedsofPeacewillmeanabrighterfuturefortheregionandtheworld."FormerUnitedStatesPresidentWilliamJeffersonClinton
"Therecanbenomoreimportantinitiativethatbringingtogetheryoungpeoplewhohaveseentheravagesofwartolearntheartofpeace.SeedsofPeaceiscertainlyanexampleoftheworldtheUnitedNationsisworkingfor."UnitedNationsSecretaryGeneralKofiAnnan"SeedsofPeaceisgreatlycontributingtothecauseofpeaceandisvitallyimportant.Iftheseyoungpeoplerepresentthenextgeneration,thenIcanonlybemoreoptimisticregardingthefuture.Youarethetruebuildersofpeace."FormerIsraeliPrimeMinisterShimonPeres
LanguageStudy:MakingPeace1.Fencesofsuperstition:迷信思想的隔阂superstition:anirrationalbeliefthatanobject,anaction,oracircumstancenotlogicallyrelatedtoacourseofeventsinfluencesitsoutcome.迷信。fence:栅栏;围栏;篱笆Otherusage:sit/be/standonthefenceundecidedastowhichoftwosidestosupport;uncommittedorneutral.未表态的或中立的;观望形势,抱骑墙态度;踌躇;犹豫未决
2.Thesamethemewasechoedby…theme:n.题目;主题;话题E.g.Stampcollectingwasthethemeofhistalk.集邮是他谈话的主题。Atopicofdiscourseordiscussion.题目论文或讨论的题目echo:n.回声theechoesofourvoices我们的声音的回声Vi.发出回声;共鸣Ourvoicesechoedintheemptyroom.我们的声音在空房间里回响。
3.initial:adj.开始的;最初的theinitialstagesofanundertaking一项事业的最初阶段E.g.Theinitialtalkswerethebaseofthelateragreement.最初的会谈是后来达成协议的基础。n.姓名起首的大写字母StevenLane"sinitialsareS.L.StevenLane这姓名的首字母是S.L.。
LanguagePoints:TheseedsofPeaceProgram4.foster:vt.1).培养;助长tofosteraninterestinmusic培养对音乐的兴趣Frequentculturalexchangewillcertainlyhelpfosterfriendlyrelationsbetweenourtwouniversities.经常的文化交流肯定有助于发展我们两校之间的友好关系。2).养育;抚养Wefosteredtheyounggirlwhilehermotherwasinhospital.小女孩的母亲住院期间我们照料她。
Theaimisasimpleone:tobuildfriendshipsbetweenteenagerswhohavebeentaughtalltheirlivestohateanddistrustoneanother,andtousethesenewfriendshipstofostercommunication,negotiation,andinterchangesothattheycanbetterunderstandeachother’sperspectivesontheimportantissuesthatdividethem.(Line31-35)计划的目的很简单:在这些从小就被灌输彼此仇恨和猜疑的少年中间建立起友谊,让这些新的友谊促进他们彼此之间的沟通、协商、交流,从而使他们能够更好地理解各自对那些导致他们不和的重要问题的看法。
SeedsofPeacetakesupwheregovernmentsleaveoff,attemptingtofulfillthehopeofpeacetreatiesthatsignedbutthatremainessentiallypiecesofpaper.(Line36-38)“和平的种子”承担起各国政府未完成的任务,力图将已经签署但仍停留在字面上的和平条约落到实处。
SeedsofPeacecarriesoutataskthatgovernmentsareneitherequippedfornorveryinterestedin:transformingthehopesforpeaceintoanewrealityonthegroundamongpopulationsthathavebeentaughtfordecadestodistrustandhateoneanother.(Line38-41)“和平的种子”执行的是一项各国政府既无力也无意去完成的任务:在那些数十年来被灌输以仇恨和猜疑的人们中间实现和平。
Theaiminthesefirstforty-eighthourstogetheristostrikeabalancebetweentheseriousemotionalbaggagetheyoungstersshareandtheneedtoletthemgetacquaintedandbeginfosteringfriendshipsacrossnationallines.(Line67-70)这开始的48小时是为了少年们妥善处理感情的转变,以便卸下严重的感情包袱,开始相互认识,并培养跨越国界的友谊。
5.acquainted:adj.Informedorfamiliar:熟知的,熟悉的:E.g.Areyoufullyacquaintedwiththefacts?你完全了解事实吗?通知,告知:E.g.Pleaseacquaintuswithyourplans.请告诉我们你的计划be(get)acquaintedwith认识(某人);熟悉(某事)
LanguagePoints:PeaceBetweenPeoples6.beuptosomething:+n./pron.忙于,从事于(坏事)e.g.Whatintheworldareyouupto?你到底在搞什么鬼?胜任:E.g.Hedidn’tfeeluptoalongdrive.她觉得开不了长途车。应由,轮到,取决于:E.g.It’suptohimtofinishthejob.她理应完成这工作。
7.accord:vt.,vi.(常与with连用)一致;符合Hisopinionaccordedwithmine.他的意见与我的一致。Whatyouhavejustsaiddoesnotaccordwithwhatwehavelearnedfromthewitnesses.你刚才说的和我们从目击者们那里了解到的不一致。(常与to连用)根据Moststudentsstudyandrestaccordingtoschedules.大多数学生按照时间表作息。Accordingtomywatchitisalready12o"clock.根据我的表,现在已经是十二点了。n.一致,符合,调和,协定
WritingStrategy1:ThinkaboutthepurposeforwritinginamorefocusedwayStrategy2:Uselibraryresourcestomakeyouressaystrongerandmoreinformative
TranslationTranslationofTitles(标题翻译,画龙点睛)无论是文章、书籍,还是电影、戏剧,题目总是十分重要的,因为好的题目能画龙点睛。它们具备信息功能(提供文章或书的主要内容)、美感功能(简单、明了、新颖、醒目)与祈使功能(吸引读者阅读或购买)。它们可以直译,也可以意译。翻译时要考虑各成分之间的关系。
粮食生产与人口控制(学术论文)FoodProductionandConceptionControl析:原文中“粮食”与“人口”均为名词作定语分别修饰“生产”和“控制”。“人口控制”在中国指“计划生育”。英译汉完全对应。
开国大典TheBirthofNewChina析:该片以高超的艺术手法,将西柏坡至中华人民共和国成立的重要历史事件真实地展现在观众眼前,影片结尾才是开国大典的壮观场面,故不能按字面译为TheGrandCeremonyoftheBirthofNewChina.
KicktheTVHabit戒掉电视瘾AFarewelltoArms战地春梦Waterloobridge魂断蓝桥
YourTaskReviewUnit6andPreviewUnit7FinishtheexercisesWritingassignment:HowtoResolveconflicts?
ThankYouforYourAttention
Chapter7SavingthePlanetYanglijunFacultyofCollegeEnglishTeachingNewEraInteractiveEnglishLevel4
TeachingArrangementsReadingWarm-upActivitiesStudyoftheTextInterpretationofimportantanddifficultlanguagepointsSummaryWritingTranslationAssignment
Warm-upActivityWhatdoyoualreadyknowaboutglobalwarming?ElNinoFloodTyphoonandHurricanePolarbear
VocabularyCheckTrytomatchthewordwithitsmeaningandthenchecktheanswers.1.consensusa.personwhohasdonewrong;offender2.meteorologicalb.(oflevels,orprices)moveupanddown;beirregular3.culpritc.urgesb.ortodosth.on4.feasibled.resistopenly5.discerne.inclinednottobelieve6.fluctuatef.generalagreement;collectiveopinion7.skepticalg.thosewhicharesentoutorgivenoff8.emissionsh.ofmeteorology(scienceoftheweather)9.spur(verb)i.seeclearly(withtheeyesorwiththemind)10.defyj.thatwhichcanbedone
TwoDifferentAssertionsonGlobalWarmingLeeR.Raymond’sAssertions:Theworldisn’twarmingIfitwere,oilandgaswouldn’tbethecauseNoonecanpredictthefuturetemperatureIPCC’Assertions:TemperaturesarerisingCarbondioxideisthemaincauseofgreenhouseeffectbyhumanactivityIPCCpredictstemperaturecouldrise2to6Fby2100
Languagestudy1.Manyothersinindustryandgovernmentareskepticalofthreatsposedbyglobalwarming,…其他许多产业界和政界人士对全球气候变暖会带来威胁持怀疑态度……(Para.2,Reading1)skeptical(sceptical)giventodoubt;questioning怀疑性的e.g.Helistenedtomewithaskepticalexpression.2.JapanandEuropearepushingforevensteepercuts.日本和欧洲正在敦促更大幅度地减少温室气体的排放。(Para.4,Reading1)pushsb.forsth.催促某人(以获得某物)e.g.Wearepushingthemforananswertoourrequest.
3.It’salookatthestateoftheart.(Para.7,Reading1)这是对我们所了解的气候系统的最高水平的认识。stateoftheartadvanceorprogress进展情况e.g.Everybodyseemstohaveexperiencedthestateoftheartofforecastingweather.4.Literallythousandsofpeoplewindupreadingthesethings…(Para.7,Reading1)确有成千上万的人阅读了调查报告。windupfinish结束,完成e.g.It’stimeforhimtowinduphisspeech.
5.…that’swhattheIPCCwaschargedwithstudying…(Para.8,Reading1)这正是联合国政府间气候变化专门小组负责研究的。bechargedwith交付责任e.g.Hewaschargedwithanimportantmission.6.Leapingtocutthistinysliverofthegreenhousepie…defiescommonsense,…(Para.10,Reading1)仓促去纷争‘温室气体’这块馅饼的小碎屑…是有侼常识的,…leaptodo仓促行事e.g.Don’tleaptoleaveyourseatsbeforeIwindupwhatIamsaying.
7.Thebalanceofevidencesuggestsadiscerniblehumaninfluenceonglobalclimate,…(Para.11,Reading1)大部分的证据表明,人类活动对于气候的影响是可辩的,balance作为名词有“大部分”的意思e.g.Thebalanceofopinionisonmyside.8.Butinitialscreeningcannowbedoneinamatterofdayswithoutusinganimals.(Para.13,Reading1)但现在初期筛选只要几天时间就可完成,而且不需要做动物实验。amatterofdays/minutesetc.仅仅几天/几分钟的事e.g.Whensomeonedialed110,thepolicearrivedonthecriminalspotsjustinamatterofminutes.
Comprehensionofthetext1.WhatpositiondoesExxon’sCEOtakeinthisarticle?TheCEOofExxonisskepticalthattheworldiswarmingorthatoilandgasconsumptionistoblameifitis.2.Whatpositiondoesthearticle’sauthortake?Hispositioncanbeinferredassupportingthedatathatsuggestshumanactivityiswarmingtheplanet.Heemphasizesthattheconsensussupportstheroleofindustrialpollutioninglobalwarming.
3.WhatisIPCC?Whobelongstoit?TheIPCCistheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange.ItwasformedbytheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationandtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram.4.Howdogreenhousegasesaffecttheplanet?Greenhousegasestrapthesun"sheatresultinginhigheraveragetemperaturesaroundtheglobe.5.Whatdo‘skeptics”saycausesglobalwarming?WhydoestheIPCCdisagree?Skepticsblamethegreenhouseeffectoncarbondioxidereleasedfromwatervapor.TheIPCCdisagrees,havinggatheredevidencethatsuggeststhathumanactivityaccountsforthe30%ofcarbondioxideinatmosphere.
6.Byhowmuchhavetemperaturesrisensincethe19thCentury,accordingtotheIPCC?Sincethe19thcentury,temperaturesattheearth’ssurfacehaverisenabouthalfadegreeto1degreeF.7.Whataretheconsequencesofglobalwarming?Consequencesofglobalwarmingincludinganadditionaltemperatureincreaseof2to6degreesFahrenheitby2100,accompaniedbyasea-levelriseof6to38inches,anincreaseinextremeweather,andchangesinfrequencyoffloodinganddrought.
SummaryofReading1Globalwarminghasbecomeoneofthemostexhaustivelydebatedsubjectsinscience.Theresultisasolidconsensusonthescientificfacts.InDecember,1997,160nationsmetinKyoto,Japan,toconsideratreatydesignedtocurbgreenhousegasemissions.ThescientificconsensusonglobalwarmingcomesfromtheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC).Thebasicsofglobalwarmingaresimple.So-calledgreenhousegases--includingcarbondioxideandmethane--buildupintheatmosphere.Theimplicationisthattemperaturesarerising.TheIPCCconcludedthatby2100,temperaturescouldrise2to6degreesF;thebalanceofevidencesuggestsadiscerniblehumaninfluenceonglobalclimate;overallglobalagriculturalproductionprobablywon"tchange;apossibleincreaseinextremeweathercouldbattercoastlinesandcostlives.
VideoWatchingCNN:“MedicineHunters”WatchtheCNNvideoaboutthemedicinehunters.Discussthesequestionswithyourclass:Whoarethemedicinehunters?2.Whatisthispharmaceuticalcompanydoing?3.Whyaretherainforestssoimportant?4.Whatkindsofmedicinearemadefromrainforestresources?
WritingStrategy1:DevelopaclearpointofviewinyourresearchwritingtomakeitmoreinterestingStrategy2:Learntowriteeffectiveconclusionsinordertomakeyourwritingmoreeffective
Modelwriting:Thesentencesinmostwellwrittenparagraphsmaybeanalyzedintothreegeneralfunctions.First,thereareparagraphintroducers,whicharesentencesthatestablishthetopicfocusoftheparagraphasawhole.Second,thereareparagraphdevelopers,whichpresentexamplesordetailsofvariouskindsthatsupporttheideassetforthbytheparagraphintroducers.Third,thereareparagraphterminators,whichlogicallyconcludetheideasdiscussedintheparagraphinapsychologicallysatisfyingmanner.Notallpiecesofwritingwillconformtothisanalysis;however,mostsuccessfulparagraphsusuallycontainsomecombinationofthesethreesentencetypes.
Topic:Thesentencesinmostwellwrittenparagraphsmaybeanalyzedintothreegeneralfunctions.Development:a.paragraphintroducersb.paragraphdevelopersc.paragraphterminatorsConclusion:Mostsuccessfulparagraphsusuallycontainsomecombinationofthesethreesentencetypes.
CoherenceofwritingGold,apreciousmetal,ispopularfortwoimportantcharacteristics.Firstofall,goldhasashinybeautythatisresistanttorust.Therefore,itissuitableforjewelry,coinsanddecorations.Goldneverneedstobepolishedandwillremainbeautifulforever.Forexample,aGreekcoinremainsunchangedincoloralthoughitwasmintedtwenty-threecenturiesago.Anotherimportantcharacteristicofgoldisitsusefulnesstoindustryandscience.Formanyyears,ithasbeenusedinhundredsofindustrialapplications.Themostrecentuseofgoldisasheatshieldsinastronauts"suits.Inconclusion,goldistreasurednotonlyforitsbeauty,butalsoforitsutility.
TransitionWordsforConclusionconsequentlyaccordinglyeventuallyasaconsequencefinallyasaresultaboveallatlastatlengthbyandlargebrieflyhenceinbriefthereforeinconclusionthusinshortonthewholeinsumtospeakfranklyinsummarytosumupInawordtosummarize
Translation:TheArtofCross-cultureComprehensionTranslationinvolvestwobasicskills:abilitytoreadthesourcelanguageandabilitytowriteinthetargetlanguage.Howtobridgetheinter-culturegapbetweenthetwolanguagesisatouchyproblemformostChinesestudents,esp.inthiscyberspacetime.Onlywiththeproficiencyofthebothcanyoubeeligibletoworkthemwell.
KeysofTranslation-EnglishtoChineseLet"snotbetooquicktocanonizeNike.PhilipKnight,Nike’smultibillionairechairmanandchiefexecutive,managedtogeneratealotofpositivepressrecentlywhenheannouncedthatindependentorganizationswouldbeallowedtoinspecttheoverseasfactoriesthatmakehiscompany"sproducts,thathewouldtoughenthehealthandsafetystandardsinthefactories,andthathewouldcrackdownontheuseofchildlabor.ThereisbothmeritandalotofsmokeinKnight"sinitiative.Theadmissionintotheplantsoftrulyindependentobserversfromlocalnon-governmentalorganizationswouldbeagreatadvance.IfKnightfollowsthroughingoodfaithonthispromise,theworkingconditionsinthefactoriesarelikelytoimprove.Anditwillbesubstantiallymoredifficultforotherlargeapparelcompaniestoresistsimilarpledges.
让我们别急着为耐克大唱赞歌。耐克公司的董事长兼总经理,拥有数十亿资产的菲利普·奈特,最近设法赢得了舆论的大量好评,因为他宣布允许独立的机构组织去视察生产耐克产品的国外工厂,宣称他将强化那些工厂的卫生和安全标准,还说他将采取严厉措施禁止雇用童工。奈特的这番主动行为有可取的地方,但其中也有不少烟幕。允许非政府组织的真正独立的地方观察员进入那些工厂,这应该是一个巨大的进步。如果奈特真心实意地实现这个许诺,那些工厂的劳动条件将有望得到改善,而其他服装制造公司要想不做出类似的承诺也肯定会更加困难。
高医生:·我的妹妹自从得了甲状腺机能亢进的毛病后,眼睛就向前凸出。她本来是众姐妹中最美的一个,如今鼓凸的双眼,令她苦恼万分。请问医师,是不是等她的甲状腺机能亢进治疗好了之后,她的眼睛也能够退缩回去,恢复她原来的美丽呢?Dr.GaoEversincemyyoungestsistercamedownwithhyperthyroidismhereyeshavebeenbulgingoutward.Shehadalwaysbeenthemostbeautifulofallmysisters,butnowhereye-bulgingproblemhasdistressedhertonoend.WhatIwanttoknowis:ifherhyperthyroidismissuccessfullytreated,willhereyesgobacktonormalsize?Willshecomebacktoherbeautifulselfagain?ChinesetoEnglish
YourTaskReviewUnit7andpreviewunit8FinishtheexercisesWritingAssignment:Doyouthinktheecologyoftheearthisimprovingorgettingworse?
ThankYouforYourAttention
Chapter4FlightsofFancyZhangQizhenFacultyofCollegeEnglishTeachingNewEraInteractiveEnglishLevel1
TeachingObjectivesStudentsaresupposedto:concernstourismanditsabilitytochangeapeopleanditsbeliefsabouttheworld.appreciatevarioustechniquesemployedbythewriter,suchasidentifyingthepurposeforyourreading.masterlanguagepointsandgrammaticalstructureinthetext.
Reading1:SellingtheSun1.backgroundinformation2.groupactivities3.mnemonictechniques4.textanalysis&comprehension
TOPIC:TourisminJamaica
TASK:Theabovetopicisdesignedtoenhanceyourcomprehensionofthetexttoimproveyourskillstoanalyzethepositiveandnegativeeffectsofathingtofocusontheabilitytoorganizeaseminar
Rolesforyoutochoose:TouriststoJamaicaattheseminarJamaicangovernmentofficialsattheseminarTourismindustrialexpertsattheseminarCulturalscholarsattheseminarLocalpeoplerepresentativesChairmanoftheseminar(givethecomment)
Requirements:1.thesettingoftheclassroomshouldbeU-shaped2.eachgroupshouldplayaroleintheseminar3.eachgroupshouldhaveagoodallocationofthetasks
Mnemonictechniques
MnemonicTechniques"Mnemonic"means"aidingmemory."Oftenreferredtoas"memorytrick",mnemonicsworkbydevelopingaretrievalplanduringencodingsothatawordcanberecalledthroughverbalandvisualclues.Mnemonicshelplearnersbecausetheyaidtheintegrationofnewmaterialintoexistingcognitivestructuresandbecausetheyprovideretrievalclues.Learnersneedtoexperimentwithdifferentkindsofmnemonictechniquestoseewhichonesworkbestforthem.
Amorecreativemnemonictechniqueisknownasacrostics.Inthistechnique,youusethefirstletterofeachwordyouaretryingtoremembertomakeasentenceorphrase.Forinstance,thesentence,"MyVeryEducatedMotherJustShowedUsNinePlanets",helpsyoutoremembertheorderoftheplanets,whichisMercury,Venus,Earth,Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,NeptuneandPluto.
ThePegMethodThismethodallowsunrelateditems,suchaswordsinawordlist,toberecalledbylinkingthemwithasetofmemorized"pegs"or"hooks."Learnersassociatewordstobememorizedwiththese"pegs"toformcompositeimages. Forinstance,torememberthatinsectshavesixlegswhereasspidershaveeightlegs,createapictureofinsectsonsticks(seetheFigure)andanotherpictureofaspideronagate.
TheITFITSstrategy:Identifytheterm.Tellthedefinitionoftheterm.Findakeyword.Imaginethedefinitiondoingsomethingwiththekeyword.Thinkaboutthedefinitiondoingsomethingwiththekeyword.Studywhatyouimagineduntilyouknowthedefinition.
Textanalysis&Comprehension
Reading1
Questions1.Forwhatpurposedopeopletravel?
2.Tourismseemslikeanobjectiveidea.Whydoesthismean?
3.DoyouknowanythingaboutJamaica?
4.Doyouthinktourismwouldaffectacountry’seconomy?How?
Outlineofreading2HistoryoftourismConclusionIntroductionThenumberoneindustryintheworldistourismA.Inthebeginning…B.Then…C.Today…Whenpeopletraveltheyoftenseeonlywhattheywanttosee.whatisoftenlackingisachancetomeetandlearnfromlocalpeople.
languagepoints
lure,tempt这两个动词都有“引诱”的意思。lure包含着“强烈的、不可抗拒的而且通常是有害的诱惑力”Perhapsitisthedesireforsolitudeorthechanceofmakinganunexpecteddiscoverythatluresmendowntothedepthsoftheearth.可能正是想寻觅一个幽静的去处或者找个猎奇的机会的欲望引诱着人们进入地球的深处。Thehopeofhighprofitsluredhimintoquestionabledealings.意欲获取巨额利润诱惑他做了那些不诚实的交易。Itwasnotmoneythatluredtheadolescenthusbandmantothecities,butthegaylife.把那个青年农民引诱到城市的东西不是金钱,而是那里的欢乐生活。
tempt也表示强烈的诱惑力,但更含有“被诱惑者虽然知道不该被诱惑,但无法或难以克制受到诱惑。”…ThedecksweresooncoveredwithcolorfulrugsfromPersia,silkfromIndia,coppercoffeepots,andbeautifulhand-madesilverware.Itwasdifficultnottobetempted.……很快甲板上便布满了波斯的彩色毛毯、印度的丝绸、铜咖啡壶以及美丽的手工制作的银器。对此不动心是很困难的。Thewomanusedallherwilestotempthimintofollowingher.那女人用尽了自己的诱骗本领勾引着他尾随而去。Thesteamingapplepietemptedhimtodisregardhisdiet.那热气腾腾的苹果馅饼把他诱惑得不去顾及自己需要节食。
Thenoiseofthechildrenwasirritatingme.孩子们的吵闹使我恼火。Thesmokeirritatedmyeyes.烟熏得我的眼睛怪难受的。Woolirritatesmyskin.羊毛刺激我的皮肤。irritateirritabilityirritantirritable
v.tr.Tomakeathoroughexaminationof;lookovercarefullyinordertofindsomething;explore.Tomakeathoroughcheckof(alegaldocument);scrutinize:searchatitle(查验所有权)n.搜寻;探求,调查,研究makeasearchforone"ssubjectbooks查找有关自己学术专业的书籍n.search-and-findsearchwarrante.gIsearchedeverywhereforthebook.search
insearchof(=inone"ssearchfor)为了寻找,追求makeasearchafter[for](去)找,寻求,搜查searchafter[for]寻找,探求searchinto调查,研究S-me![美]我不知道!searchout搜(查)出,探出searchthrough把...仔细搜寻一遍
livewithlivedown悔过自新使人忘掉Hewasdrunkatschool--he"llneverliveitdown."他上学时喝醉过-他怎么改,人们也忘不了。"livefor为…而活着livein在工作地点吃住(=liveout)livetogether未婚同居liveupto真正做到,生活得无愧于e.gWewillliveuptowhatourparentsexpectofus.DidtheTVplayliveuptoyourexpectations?livewith同居忍受e.g"Idon"tenjoythepain,butIcanlivewithit."
MarvelMarvelOnethatevokessurprise,admiration,orwonder.Strongsurprise;astonishment.Tobecomefilledwithwonderorastonishment.Tofeelamazementorbewildermentatorabout:e.gWemarveledthattheywalkedawayunhurtfromthecaraccident.
Setsetapart=setasidesetatsetbacksetbeforesetbesidesetbysetdown[与as连用][与to连用]
setfairsetforth[out]setforwardsetfreesetinsetloosesetmuchbysetoff平衡;弥补,以...抵消...(against)
seton[upon]setoneselfagainstsetoutsetoverset[put]rightsetsth.(tosth.)set...to用...settosetupsetupassetupwith
constitutionTheactorprocessofcomposing,settingup,orestablishing.Thecompositionorstructureofsomething;makeup.Thephysicalmakeupofaperson:e.gShewasbornwithastrongconstitution.Thesystemoffundamentallawsandprinciplesthatprescribesthenature,functions,andlimitsofagovernmentoranotherinstitution.Thedocumentonwhichsuchasystemisrecorded.e.g"AccordingtotheAmericanConstitution,Presidentialelectionsareheldeveryfouryears."体格;体质e.gHehasaweakconstitution.
accountforv.说明,报帐,占,解决,得分e.gHisillnessaccountsforhisabsence.Theboyhastoaccountforthemoneytheygivehimforschoolexpenses.Theregionaccountsforalargepartofusabletimber.Theyaccountedfor20oftheenemy.
aspireTohaveagreatambitionorultimategoal;desirestrongly:aspiredtostardom.有志成为明星Tostrivetowardanend:追求某目标:aspiringtogreatknowledge.追求渊博的知识Tosoar.上升
Onhandathandatthehandoratthehandsofbyhandinhandoff(one"s)handsNolongerunderone"sjurisdiction,withinone"sresponsibility,orinone"scare:onhand:Available.on(one"s)handsorupon(one"s)handsontheonehandontheotherhandoutofhand.
OppressoppressiveoppressionTokeepdownbysevereandunjustuseofforceorauthority:e.gapeoplewhowereoppressedbytyranny.Toweighheavilyon:e.gPovertyoppressesthespirit.e.gHeshapelycondemnedtheoppressivelaws.Theatmosphereissooppressiveandasheavyaslead.Theoppressionofthepeoplebythenoblescausedthewar.
AppealtoTomakeanearnestorurgentrequest,asforhelp.e.gTheprisonerappealedtothejudgeformercy.Tohaverecourse,asforcorroboration;resort:e.gIappealtoyoursenseofjustice.Tomakeorapplyforanappeal.e.gIfyoudon’tobeymeIshallappealtoforce.Tobeattractiveorinteresting.Appealingadje.g*theappealingeyesofthesadhungerchild*Heisthemostappealingcharacterinthebook.
exoticFromanotherpartoftheworld;foreign:外来的从世界的另一部分来的;外国的:exotictropicalplantsinagreenhouse.温室里引进的热带植物Intriguinglyunusualordifferent;excitinglystrange:异乎寻常的;奇异的:exoticcostumesfromtheFarEast.同远东不同的奇异服饰Oforinvolvingstriptease:脱衣舞的:anexoticdancer.脱衣舞女
evolveTodeveloporachievegradually:e.gevolveastyleofone"sown.逐渐形成了自己的风格Towork(something)out;devise:e.gTheschemesheevolvedtolinehispurse.“他制订出的非法捞钱的方案”(S.J.佩雷尔曼)Todevelop(acharacteristic)byevolutionaryprocesses.使演化通过进化过程发展(一种特征)
EvolveoutofTheideaevolvedoutofworkdonebyBritishscientists.EvolveintoThegroupgraduallyevolveintoapoliticalparty.
charterTograntacharterto;establishbycharter.给予…特权;特许设立Tohireorleasebycharter:通过契约雇佣或租约:charteranoiltanker.租用油轮Tohire(abusoranairplane,forexample)fortheexclusive,temporaryuseofagroupoftravelers.包租租(如公共汽车或飞机)以供一群旅游者短时内独自专用
impactThestrikingofonebodyagainstanother;collision.碰击,撞击一个物体对另一个物体的击打;碰撞Theforceorimpetustransmittedbyacollision.冲击力由碰撞而传递的力量或动力Theeffectorimpressionofonethingonanother:影响一个事物对另一个事物的影响或印象:stillgaugingtheimpactofautomationonthelivesoffactoryworkers.仍然在估测自动化对工厂工人生活的影响Thepowerofmakingastrong,immediateimpression:影响力产生很快的、很深印象的力量:aspeechthatlackedimpact.毫无影响力的演说
Writingskills
Asummaryisashortstatement----usuallyafewsentences----thatgivesthemainideasofaselection.Asummarydoesnotincludeallofthedetailsasinaretelling.Theessenceofsummaryisthatitisbrief;itliterallyfocusesonthekeyideasofthetext.Readerscondenseinformationintoabriefsummaryofkeyideastorevealtheirlevelofcomprehension.Inordertosummarizeatext,readersfilteroutlesssignificantorrepetitiousdetails,identifyageneraltermforalistofspecificdetails,combineideasintoabroadcategory,andcreateatopicsentence.SummarizeInformation
Questionsthathelpyoustudentssummarizeinformation:ƿWhatdoyouthinkistheBIGIDEAofthisarticle?Ofthisparagraph?ƿWhattwowordswouldyouusetodescribethe“gist”oftheparagraph?selection?ƿWhenyouread,thinkaboutwhatmostofthesentencesaredescribing.Isthereonesentencethatdescribesthemainideaforthistopic?ƿWhatwasthefocusofthisreadingselection?ƿHowcanyoucondensetheinformationdescribedinthisarticleusingkeyideas?ƿWhichdetailsweremostsignificant?Whichdetailswerelesssignificant?
Let’sPracticeSummaryofreadingone
Tourismisuniqueinitsabilitytochangeapeopleanditsbeliefsabouttheworld.InJamaica,theCaribbeancountry,theauthorhaswitnessedthecorruptingeffectsoftourismontheculturesthedependonifforeconomicsurvival.Tourismcreateslackeysandhustlers.Theattitudeisoneofmutualincomprehension;fearononeside,envyontheother.ThetouristsbelievethateveryJamaicanisahustlerofsomekind,andtheyoungJamaicanthinkthateveryAmericanisrich.
Tourismisuniqueinitsabilitytochangeapeopleanditsbeliefsabouttheworld.InJamaica,theCaribbeancountry,theauthorhaswitnessedthecorruptingeffectsoftourismontheculturesthedependonifforeconomicsurvival.Tourismcreateslackeysandhustlers.Theattitudeisoneofmutualincomprehension;fearononeside,envyontheother.ThetouristsbelievethateveryJamaicanisahustlerofsomekind,andtheyoungJamaicanthinkthateveryAmericanisrich.AccordingtotheJamaicangovernment,tourismaccountsforaquarterofalljobs,andalargepercentageofprecioushardcurrency.Suchdependenceisabitterironyinpost-colonialJamaica,.Therefore,theauthorthinksthattourism,perhaps,isatestofculture.ForacountrylikeJamaicawithahistoryofbitternessandfailure,thesightofvisitorsfromaricherplaceexcitesenvyandviolence.
Chapter9GoingPlacesZhangQizhenFacultyofCollegeEnglishTeachingNewEraInteractiveEnglishLevel1
TeachingObjectivesTodecodeunfamiliartermsbyusingcontextTounderstanddescriptionsyoureadbyusingpicturesTodevelopyourcriticalthinkingabilityinreading&writingTofindwaystoovercomeprocrastinationTowritearesearchpaper
Reading1TideofTrafficTurnsAgainsttheSeaofBicycles
Reading1warming-upquestionslearningstrategygroupactivitiesComprehensionofthetext
Howmanyformsoftransportationcanyouthinkupwith?Warm-upquestions
Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusingacarasatransportationtoolinyourcity?Warm-upquestions
LearningstrategyUsepicturestohelpyouunderstanddescriptionsyouread.Whenyouencounteradescriptioninareading,itmayhelptotrytodrawwhat’sbeingdescribed.Manypeoplegetaclearerideaiftheyseewhatisbeingdescribed.Youdonotneedtobeartistictodothis-justtrytoworkoutonpaperthedescriptionsyouread.
Forexample,ifyoucomeacross“anancientgirl”,youmaydrawlike:orjust
Workwiththevocabulary:guessthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordsfromthecontextHeshouldbeextremelycautiousabouthisinvolvementinthiscrisisbecausehishandlingofitcouldmakeormarhiscareer.bringdamagetohiscareerbringsuccesstohiscareermakehiscareerasuccessorafailure
Shedartedanangrylookathim.keptstaringsuddenlyglancedangrilyangrilylookedbackThefamilyofthislungcancerpatienthaveexploredeverypossibleavenuetogethimthebestavailablemedicalcareandtreatment.wayorapproachroadtothehospitalamountofmoney
Thenewgovernmenthaspromisedtoslashtaxesonpoorandhard-workingfamilies.cuttaxesgetridoftaxespostponecollectingtaxesPeoplestartedtricklingintothehallhalfanhourbeforethemeetingcommenced.rushedintowalkedslowlyintoelbowedtheirwayinto
Thenewgovernmenthaspromisedtoslashtaxesonpoorandhard-workingfamilies.cuttaxesgetridoftaxespostponecollectingtaxesWhichofthefollowingpicturesbestillustrateapatternwithalternatecirclesandsquares?A.B.C.D.
Youaresoobliging.I’mmuchobligedtoyouforhelpingme.pleasedwillingtobehelpfulgratefulSheseemedfairlyphilosophicalaboutbeinglaid-offrecently.sensitivetounderstandingthephilosophyaboutcalmat
Herexperiencesparallelmineinmanyinstances.aresimilartoareoppositetoexactlyrepeat
Task1:Stepa:Theclassistobedividedinto6groups.Eachgroupwillbereadingonepartofthepassage.Group1:PartIPara.1-2Group2:PartIIPara.3-4Group3:PartIIIPara.5-7Group4:PartIVPara.8-9Group5:PartVPara.10-16Group6:PartVIPara.17-20
Summarizethemainideaofthispart,usingyourownwords.Pickatleasttwowordsorsentencesandtrytodrawsomepicturestoillustratewhatarebeingdescribedbythesewordsorsentences.StepB:Finishthefollowingsub-tasksthroughcooperatingwithyourgroupmates.
Task2:Theclassisregrouped.Onestudentfromeachgroupwillformanewgroup.(Jigsawactivity).Withyounewgroupmates,everyoneisexpectedto:Sharethemainideaofthepartyouread.Showthepicturesyou’vedrawn,askingyournewgroupmatestolocatethewordsorsentencesinthepartyou’veread.Discuss:Howwouldthispassagereadlikeifthefollowing3sentenceswereomitted:theirdiscomfortcertainlycamemorefromtheheartthanthebrain(Line64-65,Para.17)Perhapstheyaremorningnottheclosingofafavoriteroutehome,butrathertheendofanera.(Para.18)carsarethefuture(Line73,Para.20)
AlthoughsturdybicyclesremaintheprimarytransportationforthevastmajorityofBeijingers,theirpowerfulgas-guzzlingcousinshavebeenmultiplyingrapidly,literallyedgingcyclistsofftheroad.Checkyourcomprehensioncausingsb.tograduallyloseapositionguessitsmeaningfromtheprefix“multi-”,eg.multilingual,multinationalfigurativespeech虽然铁骨铮铮的自行车依然是绝大多数北京人的主要交通工具,但它那些饕餮汽油的汽车老兄的数量近年来剧增,实际上已经把单车族挤出了路面。
Toimprovetrafficflow,theBeijingcitygovernmentforthefirsttimedeclaredastreettobea“no-bike”zone,claimingitsbikelanesforcars.demandorrequeststh.becauseitisorbelievedasone’srightorpropertyYoucancreatephrasesinthisway,eg.“no-smoke”zone,“no-gossip”zoneformallyannouncesth.为改善交通状况,北京市政府首次宣布一条街为“无自行车”区,把自行车道让位给机动车道。1)Everycitizenmayclaimtheprotectionofthelaw.(v.)2)tomakeaclaimfordamages(n.)
thesitewhereChinacastitsvotewithamotorizedfuture,andcastoffthevehicleofthemasses.abandonorrejectsth.untietheropesholdingaboatinpositiongiveavote中国在这里把票投给了车辆机动化的未来,而把大众的交通工具丢弃了。1)She’scastoffthreeboy-friendsinamonth.2)Theycastofftheboatandworkedouttomiddleinthequickeningcurrent.What’stheauthor’spurposeofusingtwocastshere?
Storeownerswhosebusinesshasfallenoffwerelessphilosophicalabouttheban.Thestandardofcookingatthisrestauranthasfallenoffrecently.decreaseonquantityorqualityfallaparta.toretreatfallbackon/uponb.showntobefalseorinadequatefallbackc.failtokeeplevelwithfallbehindd.tobreakdown;collapsefalldowne.torelyonTheirmarriagefinallyfellapart.Atleastwecanfallbackoncandlesinablackout.Theenemyfellbackasourtroopsadvanced.Britainhasfallenbehindinbroadbanddevelopment.Theplanfelldownbecauseitprovedtobetooexpensive.Practice:Matchthephraseswiththeirdefinitions.
Comprehensionofthetext1.HowarebicyclistsbeingtreatedinBeijingtoday?Bicyclistsarebeingforcedtoyieldtheirshareoftheroadtoautomobiles.2.HowisreflectedbythechangeinpolicyofXisidongAvenue?ItisthefirsttimeinBeijingastreethasbeendeclareda“nobike”zone.
3.Howarethebicyclistsreactingtothenewpolicy?Bicyclistscontinuetousethestreet-policeandgovernmentvolunteersareneededtoenforcethenewrules.4.Whatisthereactionofstoreowners?Storeownersareunhappybecausetheybelievecustomerswon’tcometoaplacetheycan’trideto.5.Inwhatwayisthenew“nobikezone”ofXisidongAvenuean“endofanera”?CyclinghavingbeentheprimarymodeoftransportationinBeijing,thenewregulationforetellsofadeclineinbicycleuse.
Developingyourcriticalthinkingabilityinreading&writing
Whatiscriticalthinking?Criticalthinkingistheintellectuallydisciplinedprocessofactivelyandskillfullyconceptualizing,applying,analyzing,synthesizing,and/orevaluatinginformationgatheredfrom,orgeneratedby,observation,experience,reflection,reasoning,orcommunication,asaguidetobeliefandaction.
Whatistheauthor’spurpose?Topurchasesomething?Toconvinceyouofanidea?Toinform?Whatarethefactsincludedhere?Whatistheunusualorstrikingpartinthewriting?Whyisitincludedhere?Whilereading,consider:
Inthispassage,ifthe3mentionedsentenceswereomitted,thispassagewouldjustendupareportonthebike-bannedevent.Butnowitmakesathought-provokingpassage,arousingitsreaders’reflectionontheprogressivechangesinthehumanbeings’civilizationhistory.WritingReferencesforgroupdiscussion
CNN:TheBeijingBicycleBanWatchtheCNNvideoabouttheChinesebanonbicycles.Prepareyourselfwiththevocabularyonthenextslideandthendiscussthequestionsinyourtextbookwithyourgroupmates.
He’sgoingtokillhimselfbecausehealwaysliketo_____whiledriving.Two____andacyclistwereinjuredwhenthecarskidded.What"sthatorange______Isawthemdumpingsnowinto?I______havingtogototheseconferences.Theendlesshomeworkisgoingto_____.AneducationalrevolutioncalledInnovativeschoolsaregradually______formalschoolsinsomewesterncountries.contraptionb.drivemenutsc.loathd.makerandomturnse.pedestriansf.gaingroundoverbcfdae
1.Wherehavebicyclesbeenbanned?BicyclistshavebeenbannedinpartsofBeijing.2.Whyweretheybanned?Withtheriseinincomelevel,therearemorecarsonthestreets,makingitmoredangerousforCyclists.
3.Whatreactiondothecitizenhavetotheban?Inreactiontotheban,someformercyclistssayitismoreinconvenient,andittakeslongertogetaround.Ingeneral,thestreetsaremorepeaceful,butvendorscomplainthattheirbusinessisdown.4.Whatisyouropinionofthebicycleban?(Shareyourideaswithyourclassmates.)
It’sstill_______howwellthebanwillwork.Withoutbikes,________say,thestreetismore________.But_______saythey’re______________.Somebikesare________onthe________,while__________aretakingoverwhatusedtobethebike_____.Butthe______ofBeijinghavenochoicebuttoobeytherulesandacceptthatthosewithfour______are___________________thosewithonlytwo.unclearresidentspeacefulvendorslosingbusinesscheatingsidewalkpedestrianslanebikerswheelsgaininggroundoverListenfordetails
Reading2LetThemRideBikes
Whilereadingwecanalwayspickupsomereadymadephrasesorlexicalchunksthatwecanusethemimmediatelyinourspeakingorwriting.Inthenextslideyouwillreadaparagraph.UnderlinethosewordsorsentencesthatcanbereplacedbythephrasesintherightcellthatarepickedupfromthepassageinReading2.
YesterdayIreadthenewsaboutaparademadebyagroupofbusdriverswhowereprotestingthatalargeproportionofwelfarefundhasgiventoundergroundworkers.Theygatheredandmarchedalongthestreets,resultinginheavytrafficjams.Manypeopleofthecitysaidtheypreferundergroundtobustocommutenowadays.Thiseventhascausedheateddiscussiononthewelfareintransportationprofession.taketothestreetsbringtraffictoahaltcityresidentspurdebateaboutdiscouragesb.beuseddisproportionatelyby
Comprehensionofthetext1.Whatis“CriticalMass”?Whatactivitydotheyparticipatein?CriticalMassisanorganizedgroupofcyclistsinSanFranciscothattakestothestreetseverymonthandbringstraffictoahalt.2.WhatisthenewprogramcurrentlybeingconsideredbythelocalboardofsupervisorsinSanFrancisco?SanFranciscoisinstitutingafreebicycleprogram.
3.Whatplansaretheretopreventthebicyclesfrombeingstolen?Inhopeofdeterringtheft,aracksystemwillbeusedthatrequiresadollardepositforabike.4.Whatothercitieshavesimilarprograms?OthercitieswithfreebikeprogramsareMadison,Wisconsin;Portland,Oregan;Boulder,Colorado;andAustin,Texas.5.WhatcriticismisthereoftheBoulderbikeprogram?ThebikeprograminBoulderhasreceivedcriticismoveritsdisproportionateusebyhomelesspeople.
6.Whyisn’ttheBoulderTransportationCoordinateconcernedaboutthisproblem?Aslongasthebikesaren’tbeingvandalizedorthrownintoBoulderCreek,theTransprotationCoordinateisnottooconcernedabouttheproblem.7.Whatisyouropinionofthesebikeprograms?Itisagoodideaifthegovernmentcansetlawtoprotecttheprogram.
Post-readingcriticalthinkingWhatmightbethereasonsthattheCriticalMassadvocatethefreebicycleprograms?ReflectingonReading1,towhatextentdoyouthinkthefreebicycleprogramsworkableorunworkableinyourcity?Pairwork:discussthefollowingquestionswiththepeersittingnexttoyouandreportyouropinionstothewholeclass.forabetterunderstandingoftheCriticalMasssupplementedreading
CriticalWriting:SurveyReportWithagroupofclassmates,conductasurveyonthefrequencyofpeople’susingpapermailande-mailtokeepincontactwiththeirfriends.Youalsoneedtoinquireintotheiropinionsonthisissue.
Step1:Designyourownquestionnaire.Youcanuseyes/noquestions,multiplechoice,ormore-open-endedones.Youshouldgiveyourquestionnairetoatleast10people.(Fortheformatofthequestionnaire,refertoPage178ofthetextbook)
Step2:Basedonthecollectedresponsestoyourownquestionnaire,writeasurveyreportwithatleast200words.Trytobecriticalandaddanalyticorphilosophicallanguagestoupgradeyourwriting,aswhatyou’vereadinReading1.
AcademicPowerStrategyTherearefourwaysofincorporatingoutsidematerialintoyourownwriting.Paraphrasesintroducethesameinformation,butcompletelyinyourownwords.Directquotationspiecesofthetextthatareusedtoreportinformationinauniqueorparticularlyinterestingway.Blockquotationsdirectquotationsthatarelongerthen3lines,thusindentedandsetofffromtherestofthetext.Abriefsummarygivesaquickoverview,againinyourownwords,ofthemainideaofapassage.
GrammarYouCanUseDirectspeechReportedspeechShesaid,“WeliveinLondon”.Shesaid(that)theylivedinLondon.Shesaid,“Johnphonedmelastnight”.Shesaid(that)Johnhadphonedherthenightbefore.
Directspeech-Directspeechconveysexactlywhatsomeonehassaid,oftentodramatizetocreateasenseofimmediacybecausetheprecisewordsusedwereinsomewayimportant(forexamplefunnyorstrange).
“IfeelangryandemptyinmystomachandIcannotgetonthewavelengthofsomeonewhocomesanddoessomethinglikethis,”hesaid,“Weareworkingwiththepoliceandwillgivethemanyhelpwecantoapprehendwhoeverwasinvolvedinthis.
Reportedspeech-Weusereportedspeechwhenweareinterestednotinthewordsthatsomeonehaschosen,butintheessentialinformationtheyconveyed.Weoftenusefarfewerwordstoreportthisthanwereoriginallyspoken.tocreateasenseofimmediacybecausetheprecisewordsusedwereinsomewayimportant(forexamplefunnyorstrange).Itisfoundinnewspaperreports,fiction,andoralnarratives.
…managingdirectorMichaelChamberssaidserviceswereboundtobeaffected.Reportedspeechisfoundinnewspaperreports,fiction,talkingorwritingaboutconversation,reports,articlesorspeecheswehaveheardorread.AttheendofherfirstweekMrs.CrealeyhadaskedifshewashappyandMandyhadrepliedthattherewereworsejobs…
Reportingverbs:?WhatiswrongwiththefollowingsentencesHeaskedherwhereshecamefromandsheansweredthatshecamefromGreece.Heretheuseofansweredisunidiomatic.Generallythefunctionofansweringisalreadyclearfromthecontext,andsoansweredprovidesunnecessaryinformation.WearemorelikelytosayshesaidthatshecamefromGreeceandtouseanswerincontextslikeIaskedherifshewashappybutshedidn’tanswer.
CheckyourunderstandingThefollowingisfromaninterviewwiththewriter,QuentinCrisp,inwhichheexplainshowhecametopublishhisfirstbook.Heusesbothreportedanddirectspeechinthiscontext.
IfirstmetMrCarrollonthetelephone.Ihadspokenwordsontheradioaboutmylife,ontheThirdProgramme,forPhilipO’Connor.Apublisher,MrKimber,telephonedmeandsaidIshouldwriteabook.HesaidthatifIwrote2,000wordsynopsisofmylifestoryhewouldletmeknowwhetherhewouldgivemeacontract.Whenhereadmy2,000wordshefainteddeadawayandsaidhecouldneverpublishsuchabook,itwastooscandalous.IwasdescribingallthisottheartmastersatMaidstoneCollege,andamancalledCitizenKaine,BobKaine,said,“IhavemyspiesandIwillputthemout.”AndhecamebackwiththenameDonaldCarroll.HesaidthatifIgavehimthe2,000wordsthathadfrightenedMrKimberandatranscriptofwhatIhadsaidontheradio,andphotographsofmyself,hewouldundertaketosellthebook.ItelephonedMrCarrollandhesaid,”You’dbettercomeandseeme.”SoIcrossedtheriverfromChelseatoPutney.
aMrKimber…saidIshouldwriteabook.HesaidthatifIwrotea2,000wordsynopsisofmylifestoryhewouldletmeknowwhetherhewouldgivemeacontract.hesaidhecouldneverpublishsuchabook,itwastooscandalous.HesaidthatifIgavehimthe2,000wordsthathadfrightenedMrKimberandatranscriptofwhatIhadsaidontheradio,andphotographsofmyself,hewouldundertaketosellthebook.bBobKain…said,“IhavemyspiesandIwillputthemout.”hesaid,“You’dbettercomeandseeme.”cThespeakerisagiftedstory-teller,whovarieshisstyleandbringshischaracterstolifebyputtingwordsintotheirmouths(i.e.usingdirectspeech).
Translation:thedancingoftwolanguagesTranslationinvolvestwobasicskills:abilitytoreadthesourcelanguageandabilitytowriteinthetargetlanguage.Thetwolanguagestobehandledatthesametimeissomehowliketwodancers–theyneedtodancetothemusicharmoniously,whichrequestsagoodmasteryofthetwolanguagesofyou,thetranslator.
Let’stranslate!-EtoCTobetrulyhappyisaquestionofhowwebeginandnotofhowweend,ofwhatwewantandnotofwhatwehave.Andaspirationisajoyforever,apossessionassolidasalandedestate,afortunewhichwecanneverexhaustandwhichgivesusyearbyyeararevenueofpleasurableactivity.真正的幸福是启程时的欣喜,而非抵达处的欢乐;真正的幸福源于想有而没有的渴望,而非来自一切到手的满足。渴望是一个永恒的喜悦,一笔如地产般稳固的财产,一份取之不尽的财富,正是心中怀有渴望,我们才年复一年参与令人欣喜的世事。
哪里黄土不埋人,西安自古难留客,何海霞走了,古城墙里却长长久久地流传着关于他诸多的神话。CtoEWhereveryougo,youcanmakeaproperlivingandaproperburying.Sincetimeimmemorial,talentedpeoplehavebeenreluctanttoliveinXi’an.AlthoughHeHaixiahasleft,manylegendsabouthimlongprevailwithintheancientcitywallofXi’an.
That’sInfotainmentZhangQizhenFacultyofCollegeEnglishTeachingNewEraInteractiveEnglishLevel1Chapter10
TeachingObjectivesConcernsthemergingoftheInternetandtelevision.Appreciatethevarioustechniquesemployedbythewriter,suchasimprovingyourreadingbylisteningcarefully.Writeabusinessletter
Reading1InternetOvertakingTVAmongConsumersReadingBackgroundinformationLanguagestudyWritingtranslation
HowhaveTVandInternetchangedyourlife?(Workinpairs,listatleastthreeways.Thechangescanbeingoodwaysandbadways.)WhatarethesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenTVandInternet?DoyouthinktherewillbeaconvergenceofTVandInternet?Why?ReadingBrainstorming
TVandInternetSimilaritiesDifferences
WilltherebetheconvergenceofTVandInternet?YesNoWhy:Why:
ReviewtheskillsandstrategiesWhatskills/approacheshaveyoulearnedtoimproveyourreading?Whichoneyoufindquitehelpfulforyou?Why?Whichoneyoufeelit’sdifficulttoapplytoyourpractice?(workinagroupofthreeandfindoutawaytogethertosolveyourproblems)
ImproveyourreadingbylisteningcarefullyIncreaseyourawarenessofvocabulary,themes,topicsandforthPre-listening:Don’tworrythatyouhavetounderstandeveryword.Makesureyourpurposeoflisteningbeforeyoustart.Focusontheinformationyouneed.Don’tchoosematerialsthataretoolong.15-20minutesisgoodforpractice.Howcanlisteninghelpyou?Howdowelisteneffectively?
Whilelistening:Ifpossible,listentotherecordingonceformainidea.Listenforthesecondtimefordetailsandrepeatthepartwherewehavemosttroublewithunderstanding.Notedates,people,orplacestime,age,distance,occupation,figurestohaveabetterunderstandingofthecontent.Takenotesifitpossible.Postlistening:Summarizethemainpoints.Listsomecomprehensionquestionstoask.makealistinyournotebooksofanynewvocabularyyoufeelisuseful.Howdowelisteneffectively?
SkillsthatareneededinlisteningListeningforthemainidea-listentoidentifytheoverallideasexpressedinthewholerecording.Listeningfordetails–listenforgroupsofwordsandphrasesatsentencelevel.Listeningforspecificinformation–listenforparticularinformationatwordlevel.Predicting–trytoguesskeyinformationcontainedintherecordingbeforetheylisten.Inferringmeaning–listentoidentifythedifferencebetweenwhatthespeakersaysandwhattheyactuallymean.Identifyingemotion–listentoidentifythemoodofcertainspeakers.Listeningforopinions–listentoidentifytheattitudeofcertainspeakers.Inferringrelationships–listentoidentifywhothepeopleareintherecordingandwhattherelationshipisbetweenthem.Recognizingcontext–listentoauralandcontextualcluestoidentifywheretheconversationtakesplace,whoisspeaking,etc.
Practiceforreading1Workinagroupofthree.Ineachgroup,onebeginsfromparagraph1to5;anotherstartsfromparagraph6tothe10whilethelastonebeginsfrom11totheend.Whileoneisreading,theotherstakenotesofthemainpoints.Intheend,exchangeyournotestogetawholepicture.Readthepassagetogetaclearerversion.Shareyourgroup’ssummarywiththewholeclass.Includetheanswerstothefollowingquestionsinyoursummary:1.Accordingtotheauthor,whydoesInternetneedtobemorelikeTV?2.Whataresomeoftheresultsoftheconvergence?3.WhydoesMr.lanethinkthattheInternetwon’tcrowdouttelevision?
Practiceforreading2Workinagroupoffour.Inyourgroup,halfwillholdopinionsofcensoringTV;halfwillholdopinionsontheoppositeside.First,lookforinformationfromreading2tofillthefollowingtable.TVshouldbecensoredTVshouldnotbecensoredWho:Reason:Who:Reason:Who:Reason:Who:Reason:
Debate:ShouldTV/Internetbecensored?Eachsideuseapieceofpaper.Chooseonetopictoargueabout.Topic:_____________________________________Stateyourside’sopinioninonesentence:__________________________________________________.Statethereasonsforyoursidesopinion:1.____________________________________________2.____________________________________________3.____________________________________________
BackgroundInformationWorldEconomicForum(Reading1)TheWorldEconomicForumisanindependentinternationalorganizationcommittedtoimprovingthestateoftheworld.TheForumprovidesacollaborativeframeworkfortheworld’sleaderstoaddressglobalissues,engagingparticularlyitscorporatemembersinglobalcitizenship.2.DellComputerCorporation(Reading1)DellInc.isapremierproviderofproductsandservicesrequiredbycustomersworldwidetobuildtheirinformation-technologyandinternetinfrastructures.Companyrevenueforthepastfourquarterstotaled$39.7billion.Dell,throughitsdirectbusinessmodel,designs,manufactures,andcustomizesproductsandservicestocustomerrequirements,andoffersanextensiveselectionofsoftwareandperipherals.InformationonDellanditsproductscanbeobtainedatwww.Dell.Com.
BackgroundInformation3.NationalTV-TurnoffWeek(Reading2)TV-TurnoffNetworkisanationalnonprofitorganizationthatencourageschildrenandadultstowatchmuchlesstelevisiontopromotehealthierlivesandcommunities.4.BreakingtheTVHabit(Reading2)Anewbookbytheauthorof“BreakingtheTVHabit,GettingUnplugged”offersaprovenfour-weekprogramtocutdownonthequantityofTVwatchingwhileimprovingtheoverallqualityitincludesaquizforparenttousetoanalyzetheirchildren’sTVviewinghabits.
TheInternetisdrawinghordesofpeopleawayfromtheirtelevisionsetsbutwillhavetobecomemorelikeTVifitwantstoboostitsmassappealtoconsumers,computerindustryexecutivessay.hordesof:alargegroupofahordeofchildrenahordeofdemonstrators;Fanhavedescendontheconcerthallintheirhorde.boost:v.toraise;topromotevigorouslyboostprices;boostedtheirschoolwithralliesandfunddrivesLanguageStudy(Reading1)
appeal:n.thepowerofattractingorofarousinginterest;Anearnestorurgentrequest;v.tobeattractiveorinterestinganappealforaidacitywithappealfortouristsDoestheideaofworkingforaventurecompanyappealtoyou?2.Inanyevent,thetwomediaareconvergingrapidlyinatrendthatwillacceleratewhendigitalbroadcastingreplacesthedominantanalogtelevisionsystemaroundtheworld,theysaidattheworldEconomicForum’sannualmeetinginDavos.Inanyevent:whateverI‘llprobablyseeyoutomorrowbutinanyeventI’lltelephone.LanguageStudy
event的习惯用语:atallevents:无论怎样Shehadanaccident,butatalleventsshewasn’tkilled.intheeventof:万一Intheeventofrain,thegamewillbepostponed.3.Werecentlycompletedasurveyofourcustomers,whotoldusintheconsumersegmentthattheyprefertobeontheInternetthantowatchtelevisionathome.preferto..ratherthan:宁愿…而不愿Manyheroespreferredtodieratherthansurrenderduringthewar.prefer…to…喜欢…而不喜欢Heprefersdoingtotalking.LanguageStudy
4.Thiswillleadtocustomizednewspapersandvideocalledupatthetouchofabuttonasapowerfulrivaltotelevision.customized:adj.tomakeoraltertoindividualorpersonalspecificationsCustomizedproductsobviouslyhavetheadvantagesoverordinaryproducts.LanguageStudy
5.Thisisaslowlyadaptingmarketplace,butIthinkbroadcasttelevision,asalternativesforprofilingandcustomizationareoffered,willdiminish.adapt:v.tomakesuitabletoorfitforaspecificuseorsituationHeadaptedhimselftothecoldweather.adaptive:adj.Whatwecandoistodevelopouradaptiveabilitiestodeal.adapting:adj.commandingpeopletoadapttoLanguageStudy
profile:asideviewofanobjectorastructure,especiallyofthehumanhead./arepresentationofanobjectorastructureseenfromtheside./anoutlineofanobject./degreeofexposuretopublicnotice;visibility:keptalowprofileuntilthecontroversyhadabated.Diminish:vt.&vi.tobecomesmallerorless;decreaseHisillnessdiminishedhisstrength.Herpowerinthefamilyhasbeendiminishing.LanguageStudy
6.Thebreakthroughwillcomewhendigitalbroadcastingputstelevisiononthesametechnologicalfootingascomputers.footing:n.theconditionsorarrangementsonwhichsth.Isbased;abasisorfoundation;abusinessbegunonagoodfooting.7.Atthepointwhenthetelevisionsignalthattheaveragepersongetsisdigital,thereistremendousleveragetobrowsingtheInternetmodelandthedigitalbitsthatyouseeonyourscreen.leverage:n.influencethatyoucanusetomakepeopledowhatyouwant;positionaladvantage;powertoacteffectively;LanguageStudy
8.WhatIworryaboutisthatwewillhitalimitinourindustryinthenumberofpeopletowhomitmakesensetobeonline.makesense有意义,合理Whathesaiddidn’tmakeanysensetome.inasense/insomesense在某种意义上说Whathesaysisrightinasense.innosense绝不是,绝非Thehotelwasinnosense=notatallcomfortable.makesenseof了解…的意义,懂得Canyoumakeanysenseofthisarticle?LanguageStudy
9.LanewasabitmoreskepticalofforecaststhattheInternetcouldcrowdouttelevisioninthebattleforconsumers.skeptical:adj.tendingtodisagreewithwhatotherpeopletellyouskepticalabout/ofEnvironmentalgroupsareskepticalofthegovernment’sclaims.crowdout:v.挤出,推开,驱逐WilltheInternetcrowdouttelevisioninthefuture?Iamquitedoubtful.LanguageStudy
10.Youcanpushthecostdownandsimplifythings,butconsumerbehaviorisvery,verydifficulttochange.simplify:v.tomakesimpleorsimpler;toreduceincomplexityorextentTheEnglishinthisstoryhasbeensimplifiedtomakeiteasiertounderstand.11.Thisisgoingtobeverypredictableandrelativelyslowgrowthrateforourindustry.predictable:adj.可预知的;可预报的;平庸的Whosetomorrowispredictable?Ihatepredictablemen.LanguageStudy
12.Iammuchmoreoptimisticyouwillstarttoseeverysimple,low-costdevices.optimistic:a.believingthatgoodthingswillhappeninthefutureIamoptimistictheywillwininthecompetition.optimisticpessimisticShetakesapessimisticviewoflife.LanguageStudy
Togethertheyhavedevelopedgoodviewinghabits,andnowtheirmissionistoraisetheirchildrentobeTVsavvy.savvy:adj.Wellinformedandperceptive;shrewd;n.practicalunderstandingorshrewdness;savvyWashingtoninsidersThiscompanyislookingforcomputersavvy.2.There’smoreviolence,moresubliminalmessagesandsexuality.subliminal:belowthethresholdofconsciousperception.usedofstimuli;inadequatetoproduceconsciousawarenessbutabletoevokearesponse.LanguageStudy(Reading2)
Theadvertisementseemsnotpushy,however,itisrathersubliminal.2.AstheDallas-areafamilyandmanyothersacrossthecountrypreparetogocoldturkeyforNationalTV-TurnoffWeek.gocoldturkey:Americanslang:tobeoffthehabitofftakingdrugs,hereitreferstobeoffthehabitofwatchingTV.Ipersuadedhimtogocoldturkeyforplayingcomputergames.LanguageStudy
3.OntheheelsoftheApril1997campaign,theMaysweepsperiodthatimmediatelyfollowedshowedasignificantdropinprimetimeviewingfrom1996—morethan1millionhouseholds,accordingtoarecentA.C.NielsenCompanymeasurement.on/upontheheelsof:directlybehind;immediatelyfollowing.Ontheheelsoftheparty,therewasaperformance.primetime:thetimeintheeveningwhenthelargestnumberofpeoplearewatchingtelevisionThisprogramwillbeshownonprimetime.LanguageStudy
4.Theaveragechildwatches1,680minutesofTVaweek.Bythetimethatchildfinisheselementaryschoolheorshewouldhaveseen8,000killingsonthetube,accordingtothegroup.时间状语bythetime“到什么时候”,主句通常用将来完成时,表示将来某时之前业已完成或发生的事情。Bytheendofnextmonth,hewouldhavebeenherefortenyears.Bequick,orthetrainwillhaveleftbythetimewegettothestation.LanguageStudy
5.Westickmostlytovideosandeducationalprograms.DisneyandtheLearningChannelaremainlywhatwewatch.stickto坚持(真理等),坚持干(某事);坚守,遵循Tomwasdeterminedtosticktohisdecision.Reportersshouldsticktoinvestigatingthefacts.stickup伸出来,举起,竖起,挂起Achurchsteeplestuckupabovetheroofsofthesurroundingcottages.stickout使突出伸出;非常醒目,突出Thechildrenweresothintheirribsstuckout.LanguageStudy
Writing
Howmanykindsofbusinesscommunicationcanyouthinkof?Shortmemos,businessletters,reports,brochures,advertisementsHowdoweaddresspeopleproperlyinbusinesscorrespondence?Writeaformatofformalbusinessletterandcheckwithp200.Brainstorming
Example:Howtowriteacoverletterwhenapplyingforajob?UsefulKeyPhrasesIamwritingtoyouinresponsetoyouradvertisementfor...Asyoucanseefrommyenclosedresume,myexperienceandqualificationsmatchthisposition"srequirements.Iwouldliketopointout...immediatelyuponhisreturn.During....,Iimproved(furthered,extended,etc.)myknowledgeof...,Ilookforwardtoanopportunitytospeakwithyouinperson.(ORtospeakwithyoupersonally)
YouareKennethBeare,whograduatedfromTacomauniversityandmajoredinPortRegulatoryLaw.Aftergraduation,youhavebeenworkingforShoremanCofor4years,andnow,youhavereadtheadvertisementforaLegalAssistantspecializinginPortRegulatoryLaw,whichappearedintheSeattleTimesonSunday,June15,soyouwritetoMr.BobTrimm,thePersonnelManagertoapplyforthejob.Accordingtothefollowingcontent,writealetterofjobapplication.
2520VistaAvenueOlympia,Washington98501April19,2001Mr.BobTrimm,PersonnelManagerImportersInc.587LillyRoadDearMr.Trimm:IamwritingtoyouinresponsetoyouradvertisementforaLegalAssistantspecializinginPortRegulatoryLaw,whichappearedintheSeattleTimesonSunday,June15.Asyoucanseefrommyenclosedresume,myexperienceandqualificationsmatchthisposition"srequirements.IespeciallywouldliketopointoutthatIgraduatedfromTheUniversityofTacomaandwashireddirectlyupongraduationduetomyexpertiseinportauthorityregulations.DuringthefouryearsthatIworkedforShoremanCo.,Ifurthereddeepenedmyknowledgeofthefastchangingregulatorylawsinourstate.Myemployeralsothoughthighlyenoughofmyabilitiestopromotemetoheadlegalresearcheraftermyfirstyearofemployment.Ilookforwardtoanopportunitytopersonallydiscussthepositionwithyou.Iwillcallyouwithinthenextfivedaystoarrangeaninterview.Sincerely,___________
Otherbusinesslettersample:apologyDear____(name),Thereisabsolutelynoexcuseformynotmeetingwithyoufor___(breakfast,lunch,dinner)______(time)oratleastnotgettingwordforyou.TheappointmentwaswrittenonmycalendarbutsomehowIthoughtourmeetingwasfornext____(day).Pleaseforgiveme.Iameagertotalktoyouandwillcallon____(day)toseeifwecanarrangeameetingbeforeyouleavetown.Iwillnotletyoudownthistime.Respectfully,
Otherbusinesslettersample:canceloforderDearSirorMadam,ThiscertifiedletteristocanceltheorderIplaced____(anytimewithinthreedays)withoneofyourdoor-to-doorencyclopediasalesmen.HewasextremelypushyandIactedimpulsively.Afterheleft,Iregrettedmyaction.Luckily,afriendpointedoutthelawstatingthatthereisathree-day"coolingoff"periodinthisstateinwhichbuyersmaycancelordersplacedwithdoor-to-doorsalesmen.IcheckedthisinformationoutwiththeAttorneyGeneral.Enclosedyouwillfindacopyofmycontract.Ihavealsotoldmybanktostoppaymentonthedownpaymentcheck.Theabovementionedactionsshouldconcludethismatter.IregretanyinconveniencethatImayhavecausedyourcompany.Sincerely,
DearSirs,Messrs.Brown&Clarkofthiscityinformusthatyouareexporterofallcottonbed-sheetsandpillowcases.Wewouldlikeyoutosendusdetailsofyourvariousranges,includingsizes,colorsandprices,andalsosamplesofthedifferentqualitiesofmaterialused.Wearelargedealersintextilesandbelievethereisapromisingmarketinourareaformoderatelypricedgoodsofthekindmentioned.Whenreplying,pleasestateyourtermsofpaymentanddiscountyouwouldallowonpurchasesofquantitiesofnotlessthan100items.PricesquotedshouldincludeinsuranceandfreighttoLiverpool.YoursfaithfullyUnitedTextilesLimitedManagerOtherbusinesslettersample:letterofenquiry
DearSirs,Weareverypleasedtoreceiveyourenquiryof15thJanuaryandencloseourillustratedcatalogueandpricelistgivingthedetailsyouaskfor.Onregularpurchasesinquantitiesofnotlessthan100dozenofindividualitemswewouldallowyouadiscountof2%.PaymentistobemadebyirrevocableL/Catsight.Aswearefindingitdifficulttomeetthedemandofourcottonbed-sheetsandpillowcases,ifyouplaceyourordernotlaterthantheendofthismonth,wewouldensurepromptshipment.Yoursincerely,ChinaNationalImport&ExportCorp.ManagerOtherbusinesslettersample:letterofreplytoenquiry
AssignmentsWriteasalutationline“Dear____”forabusinesslettertoeachofthesepeople:PatMorales,acustomerwhorequestedinformationfromyourcompanyGinaDavidson,adoctoratalocalhospitalwhomyoumetbrieflyatapartyChrisTerney,aprofessorattheuniversityFredFrank,thepresidentofanotherbusiness.Youknowhimwell.WriteaninvitationlettertoChrisTerneyandaskedhim/hertogivealectureinyouruniversity.
Translation
英汉互译要注意以下几点即要摆脱原文的束缚,又要避免过度的自由。要区别国际交流类的语篇和一般生活及人文类的语篇。科技,贸易,法律等领域的翻译强调准确,不能有过多的想象力;生活及人文类的翻译必须有丰富的想象力。实践是提高水平的唯一途径。除实践外,可以分领域阅读,如文学类,新闻类,科技类等。国际交流类语篇的特点是求同,要尽量找对应的词;一般生活类和人文类语篇可灵活处理。
Translationexercises英译汉:tokilltwobirdswithonestone直译:一石二鸟意译:一箭双雕;一举两得;2.toflogadeadhorse直译:鞭打死马意译:白费力;徒劳;白搭;惘然;徒然3.adropinthebucket直译:一桶水中的一滴意译:沧海一粟;太仓一粟;九牛一毛;微不足道;不足挂齿;渺小;不起眼;不值一提
汉译英过街老鼠直译:(like)aratcrossingthestreet意译:theobjectofuniversalcondemnation;abadmanhatedbyeverybody2.门庭若市直译:thecourtyardislikeamarket意译:amuchvisitedhouse;abusytown;bustling;crowed3.望梅止渴直译:togazeatplumstoquenchone’sthirst意译:toconsoleoneselfwithfalsehopes;tofeedonfancies/illusion;imaginedsatisfaction;aBarmecide(《一千零一夜》中一个口惠而不实的人物)feast
句子(英译汉)AndIdonotmistrustthefuture;Idonotfearwhatisahead.Forourproblemsarelarge;butourheartislarger.Ourchallengesaregreat,butourwillisgreater.Andifourflawsareendless,God’sloveistrulyboundless.直译:而我不是不相信未来,我不害怕即将来临的事情。因为我们的问题是大的,但是我们的信心更大。我们的挑战是大的,但是我们的决心更大。如果我们的缺点是没完没了的,上帝的爱是真正的无穷无尽的。意译:我并非不信任未来;我并不害怕我们面临的问题。我们的问题很多,但我们的心胸更宽广。我们面临的挑战很严峻,但我们的决心坚定无比。如果说我们的弊病是层出不穷的话,上帝的爱更是真正的广袤无边。
汉译英我们必须全力以赴,拿下这场球。我讨厌游手好闲的人。他是信口开河,他对经济是一窍不通。这些国家的经济是每况愈下。我们都被他的那种崇高气质所深深打动。1.Wemustdoourbesttowinthisgame.2.Idislikethepeopleeatingthebreadofidleness.3.Heisshootingoffhismouth.Hedoesnotknowthefirstthingofeconomy.4.Theeconomicsituationinthesecountriesisonthedowngrade.5.Weweregreatlymovedbyhisloftiness.
公司简介(汉译英)上海上外(集团)公司是由上海外国语大学创办,经上海市教卫办批准由市工商管理局注册登记的全市高校系统第一家综合性集团公司。它依托上海外国语大学人才,信息等综合优势,按现代企业制度规范操作运行。
答案TheshanghaiGroupCompanyofSISU,establishedbytheShanghaiInternationalStudiesUniversity(SISU),isthefirstcomprehensivegroupcompanyamongallthecollegesanduniversitiesinShanghairegisteredonthebookoftheShanghaiMunicipalIndustrialandCommercialAdministrationwithapprovaloftheShanghaiMunicipalEducationandPublicHealthOffice.WithacomprehensiveadvantageinthetalentsandinformationinSISU,thegroupcompanyworksinaccordancewiththestandardizationofthemodernenterprisesystem.
科技奇闻(英译汉)TheshoestringwasinventedinEnglandin1790.Priortothistimeallshoeswerefastenedwithbuckles.Theaverageleadpencilwilldrawaline35mileslongorwriteapproximately50,000Englishwords.Aballofglasswillbouncehigherthanaballmakeofrubber.Aballsolidsteelwillbouncehigherthanonemadeentirelyofglass.鞋带是1790年在英国发明的。在这以前所有的鞋子都是用扣子扣紧的。一支铅笔平均可以画一条35英里长的线,或写大约5万个英语单词。玻璃球比橡胶球弹得高。而实心的钢球比完全用玻璃制成的球弹得更高。
AssignmentsFindarecentnewspaper,chooseanewsof150wordstotranslate.OrTranslatethefollowingintoChinese:AsiacelebratesChristmaswithatwistFewAsiansareChristianbutpeopleacrossthevastcontinentareembracingtheholidayasagreatexcuseforshopping,partyingandevenromance.ComeDecember,ChristmaslightsbrightenshoppingstreetsincitiesfromBeijingtoColombo,whileimagesofSantaClausandRudolphadornofficebuildings,shopsandrestaurants.
ShoppingmallsinIndonesia,thecountrywiththelargestnumberofMuslims,playcarolslike"SilentNight"and"JingleBells"throughspeakersduringtheyear-endholidayseason."MostworkershereareMuslimbutwealsocelebrateChristmasjustlikewecelebrateEidal-Fitr.Wearecomplementingeachotherwiththesecostumesandornaments,"saidJakartarestaurantreceptionistLinaNovianti,wearingaredSantaClaushat.TheMoslemcelebrationEidal-FitrmarkstheendoffastingduringRamadan.
Keytooption2虽然亚洲的基督教信徒很少,但是居住在这个世界第一大洲的人们也要"玩转"圣诞节,趁机享受一下购物和聚会的乐趣;而体验浪漫时光,更是这个节日的主题。12月以来,购物街上的璀璨灯光从北京一直亮到了科伦坡,办公楼、商店和餐馆里也都有了圣诞老人和红鼻子驯鹿的装点。印度尼西亚是穆斯林最多的国家,在圣诞节前夕,购物商城里频频播放着圣诞颂歌,比如《平安夜》、《铃儿响叮当》,为商城平添了几分节日的气氛。里娜·诺维安提是雅加达一家餐馆的招待,她头上戴着红色的圣诞老人帽,她说,"餐馆里的大多数员工虽然都是穆斯林,但是我们也过圣诞节,就像庆祝尔代节一样。"尔代节是斋月结束的标志,,穆斯林在斋月里从日出到日落是要禁食的。
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