英美概况课件PPT测试题及课后练习答案PDF 刘白玉封丽丽主编 978 7 81134 751 7 美国部分Chapter 3.ppt 60页

'CHAPTERTHREEAmericanPolitics 1.FamousQuotationWhenIwasaboyIwastoldthatanybodycouldbecomePresident；I’mbeginningtobelieveit.—ClarenceDarrow 2.Newwords1.assume:vt.taketobethecaseortobetrue假定；承担,呈现—IassumedyoucanspeakFrenchfluently.我以为你能讲流利的法语。2.longevity:n.thepropertyofbeinglong-lived长命,长寿,寿命—herlongevityasastarisverylong.她当明星的时间很长。3.encroachment:n.entrytoanother’spropertywithoutrightorpermission侵蚀—Iresenttheencroachmentonmytime.我讨厌别人侵占我的时间. 2.Newwords4.constituency:n.thebodyofvoterswhoelectarepresentativefortheirarea选民,顾客,读者—TheConservativePartyislosinggroundinthatconstituency.保守党在该选区正逐渐失去支持者。5.eligible:a.qualifiedfororallowedorworthyofbeingchosen有资格当选的,合格的—Anyonewithanannualincomeofunder5000maybeeligibletoapply凡年收入在5000英镑以下者均可申请. 2.Newwords6.fraudulent:a.intendedtodeceive欺诈的,不正的,不诚实的—Shegotthejobofscienceteacherbyfraudulentmeans;shepretendedshe’dstudiedatuniversity.她用欺骗手法取得了理科教员的职位，她谎称曾在大学读过书。7.suffrage:n.Therighttovote;franchise投票,选举权,参政权,代祷—Inthatcountry,womenhavenosuffrage.在那个国家，妇女没有选举权。由于他职位的敏感性，他拒绝谈论任何党派问题。 2.Newwords8.whim:n.asuddendesire;anoddorfancifulorcapriciousidea一时的兴致,冲动,怪念头,绞盘—Heisguidedbywhimwithoutregardtothefacts.他一时冲动，忽视了现实。9.eligible:a.qualifiedfororallowedorworthyofbeingchosen有资格当选的,合格的—Anyonewithanannualincomeofunder5000maybeeligibletoapply.凡年收入在5000英镑以下者均可申请 Keypoints:ConstitutionFederalismThecongressTheexecutivebranchTheFederalJudiciaryUnitedStatesSupremeCourt Keypoints:TheLegislativeProcesssuffrageElectoralCollegeTheDemocraticPartyTheRepublicanParty 2.Newwords10.fiscal:a.involvingfinancialmatters财政的,国库的—Wearetryingtogetathoroughunderstandingofthegovernment’sfiscalpolicy.我们正努力对政府的财政政策进行全面的了解。11.alleviate:vt.providephysicalrelief,asfrompain;makeeasier减轻,使缓和—Thedoctorgaveheraninjectiontoalleviatethepain.医生给她注射以减轻疼痛。 3.Whygovernment?Theroleofgovernment:tosecurethelibertiesenjoyedinthestateofnaturebylimitingindividualbehaviorAdjustingthecontinuallytippingbalancebetweenlibertyandorderistheprimarybusinessofgovernmentandpolitics. 4.TheUnitedStatesConstitutionThefunctionoftheConstitution:theestablishmentoftheruleoflawthecreationofafederalsystemwithasupremenationalgovernmenttheseparationofgovernmentalpowersintothreebranchesthatcheckandbalanceeachother TheUnitedStatesConstitution 5.theBillofRightsAmericansareguaranteedthefreedomofreligion,ofspeechandofthepressTheyhavetherighttoassembleinpublicplacestoprotestgovernmentactionsandtodemandchangeTheyhavetherighttoownweaponsiftheywish 6.Federalismwhyafederalsystemisnecessary?1.ProtectingRightsandLiberties2.withanationalgovernmentstrongenoughtounifythestatesintheirpursuitofcommongoalswithoutcompletelyrobbingthestatesoftheirindependence 3.itkeepsmanypoliticalleaders,thedecisionstheymakeandtheimplementationofpublicpolicyclosetothepeople 7.TheUnitedStatesCongressthepeopleelectrepresentativestomakepublicpolicydecisionsforthembothHousemembersandSenators,providethepeopleofthisnationwiththeirmostdirectlinktothedecisionsandpoliciesmadebythenationalgovernment UnitedStatesCapitol Thereare435MembersoftheHouseofRepresentativesThevoterslivingineachdistrictselectthepersonthatrepresentsthemintheHouse Thereare100SenatorsintheUnitedStatesSenate.ThepeopleofeachofthefiftystatesselecttwoSenatorstorepresentthemintheSenate 8.TheNumberofMembersWhyarethere435membersintheHouseofRepresentatives?Theonlyconditionwasthatthenumberofrepresentativeswasnottoexceedoneforeverythirty-thousandpeople.AsthenationgrewandmorestateswereaddedtotheUnion,theCongressexpandedthenumberofHousememberstoitscurrentsizeof435,whereithasremainedsince1912 9.ConstitutionalOfficersthreeconstitutionallycreatedpositions:theSpeakeroftheHousethePresidentoftheSenatethePresidentProTemporeoftheSenate What’stheroleoftheVicePresisent?TheConstitutionestablishesthattheVicePresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmericashallbethePresidentoftheSenatethePresidentoftheSenateisonlyauthorizedtobreaktievotesintheSenate VicePresidentandPresidentJiangZemin 10.TheExecutiveBranchTheConstitutionalrequirementsforpresidents:1.naturalbornCitizen”oftheUnitedStates2.atleastthirty-fiveyearsofage3.a“ResidentwithintheUnitedStates”forfourteenyears TheWhiteHouse AbrahamLincoln JimmyCarter HarryTruman 11.ThePresidencyintheSeparatedSystemThepresientdoesnothaveunlimitedauthoritythePresidentonlyhaslimitedpowersandtheConstitutiongrantsboththelegislativeandjudicialbranchespowersboththelegislativeandjudicialbranchespowerscheckandfrustratePresidentialpower 11.ThePresidencyintheSeparatedSystemKeypoints:PresidentialelectionSenateelectionHouseelection 11.ThePresidencyintheSeparatedSystemtwolargeareasofauthorityandresponsibility:domesticpolicyforeignaffairs 12.TheFederalJudiciary 12.TheFederalJudiciaryUnitedStatesSupremeCourtUnitedStatesDistrictCourts UnitedStatesSupremeCourt UnitedStatesSupremeCourt 13.UnitedStatesSupremeCourtTheUnitedStatesSupremeCourtconsistsof:theChiefJusticeoftheUnitedStatesandeightassociatejusticesThesizeoftheSupremeCourtisdeterminedbytheCongress 14.UnitedStatesDistrictCourtsTheUnitedStatesdistrictcourtsarethetrialcourtsofthefederalcourtsystemthedistrictcourtshavejurisdictiontohearnearlyallcategoriesoffederalcases,includingbothcivilandcriminalmattersThereare94federaljudicialdistricts,includingatleastonedistrictineachstate 15.TheLegislativeProcessTheUnitedStatesCongressisthechieflegislativeorlaw-makingbodyinthelandThelegislativeprocesscanbelong,tedious,complexandfrustrating.IndeedThelegislativeprocesscomprisesanumberofsteps 16.VotinginAmericaTheformalrequirementsforvotingintheUnitedStates:1.acitizenoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica2.atleasteighteenyearsofage 16.VotinginAmerica TheVoters 17.PeoplethatCanVoteTherighttovoteissometimesreferredtoas“suffrage”TherightofsuffrageintheUnitedStatesiscurrentlyenjoyedbyallcitizensovertheageofeighteen VotingintheearlyyearsoftherepublicVotingaftertheCivilWar 18.ElectoralCollegeWhytheFramersoftheConstitutioncreatedacomplex“filtering”processknownastheElectoralCollege? Obamawinstheelection 18.ElectoralCollegeElectorsarechosenbythepoliticalpartiesineachstateUndertheoriginalrulesoftheElectoralCollege,electorscastseparatevotesforPresidentandVice-president 19.PoliticalPartiesThetwomajorPartiesintheUSA:DemocraticPartyRepublicanPartyThewordDemocraticimplieswillofthepeoplethewordRepublicanimpliesruleoflaw 20.TheoriginsofthetwoPartiesHowthetwoPartiescameintobeing?Whatistheprocess?In1828,AndrewJacksonbecamethefirstPresidentfromanewparty,theDemocratsTheNorthernAbolitionistMovementgavebirthtoanewparty(1856),theRepublicans 20.TheoriginsofthetwoPartiesRepublicansemphasizetheroleoffreemarketdecisionmakinginfosteringeconomicprosperitytheDemocraticPartyhasfavoredfarmers,laborers,laborunions,andreligiousandethnicminorities 21.TheDemocraticPartyTheDemocraticPartyisoneofthemajorcontemporarypoliticalpartiesintheUnitedStatesItistheoldestpoliticalpartyincontinuousoperationintheUnitedStatesitisoneoftheoldestpartiesintheworld 21.TheDemocraticPartyThomasJefferson,JamesMadisonotherinfluentialopponentsoftheFederalists 21.TheDemocraticParty 22.TheRepublicanPartyItisthesecond-oldestcontinuingpoliticalpartyintheUnitedStates“GrandOleParty”Itfirstcametopowerin1860withtheelectionofAbrahamLincolntothepresidencyRepublicanscurrentlyfillaminorityofseatsinboththeUnitedStatesSenateandtheHouseofRepresentatives TheRepublicanParty ThetwoParties 23.JoyfulMomentMrs.Brownwenttovisitoneofherfriendandcarriedasmallboxwithholespunchedinthetop.“What’sinyourbox?”askedthefriend.“Acat,”answeredMrs.Brown.“YouseeI’vebeendreamingaboutmiceatnightandI’msoscared!Thiscatistocatchthem.”“Butthemiceareonlyimaginary,”saidthefriend.“Soisthecat,”whisperedMrs.Brown. 24.Mr.Positive1.Actionisthefoundationkeytoallsuccess.2.Turnyourwoundsintowisdom.'