最新曲轴制造工艺课件课件PPT.ppt 40页

'进入夏天，少不了一个热字当头，电扇空调陆续登场，每逢此时，总会想起那一把蒲扇。蒲扇，是记忆中的农村，夏季经常用的一件物品。　　记忆中的故乡，每逢进入夏天，集市上最常见的便是蒲扇、凉席，不论男女老少，个个手持一把，忽闪忽闪个不停，嘴里叨叨着“怎么这么热”，于是三五成群，聚在大树下，或站着，或随即坐在石头上，手持那把扇子，边唠嗑边乘凉。孩子们却在周围跑跑跳跳，热得满头大汗，不时听到“强子，别跑了，快来我给你扇扇”。孩子们才不听这一套，跑个没完，直到累气喘吁吁，这才一跑一踮地围过了，这时母亲总是，好似生气的样子，边扇边训，“你看热的，跑什么？”此时这把蒲扇，是那么凉快，那么的温馨幸福，有母亲的味道！　　蒲扇是中国传统工艺品，在我国已有三千年多年的历史。取材于棕榈树，制作简单，方便携带，且蒲扇的表面光滑，因而，古人常会在上面作画。古有棕扇、葵扇、蒲扇、蕉扇诸名，实即今日的蒲扇，江浙称之为芭蕉扇。六七十年代，人们最常用的就是这种，似圆非圆，轻巧又便宜的蒲扇。　　蒲扇流传至今，我的记忆中，它跨越了半个世纪，也走过了我们的半个人生的轨迹，携带着特有的念想，一年年，一天天，流向长长的时间隧道，袅曲轴制造工艺课件 曲轴制造工艺(Crankshaftmanufacturingprocess)1.曲轴的技术要求1）尺寸精度与形状精度主轴颈和曲柄销尺寸IT:低速机IT7，中IT6，高≥IT6，轴颈形状精度低速机为尺寸精度IT9的1/4，中、高速为IT7的1/4。2 2）位置精度（1）主轴轴线径向圆跳动，高速机0.02～0.04；大中型0.04～0.08。（2）曲柄销与主轴颈平行度。（3）曲柄交角。（4）法兰端面与曲轴轴线垂直。（5）法兰外圆对曲轴轴线的径向圆跳动。（6）臂距差。3 1）缸径200～600mm，采用整体锻造，包括自由锻和特殊的TR、RR锻。2）碳素钢曲轴锻件+正火处理，粗加工+退火，CarbonSteel。HBS180-240。3）合金钢曲轴+正火，粗加工后+调质，HBS207-286。表面可淬火，HRC50以上，淬硬深度＞2～3mm，铸钢曲轴+两次正火、回火或高温扩散处理。7 §7-2曲轴加工特点与定位基准选择1.曲轴加工工艺特点1）曲轴形状复杂多曲柄、曲柄销和主轴颈不在同一轴线上；多曲柄在空间互成120°，不平衡。2）曲轴刚性差细长轴，长径比（L/D）=10～20，采用中心架，双边同时转递扭矩机床。1201208 3）技术要求高平行度要求：以主轴颈(mainjournal)为基准，加工曲柄销(crankpin)。主轴颈径向圆跳动主轴颈应在同一安装中进行加工；为了达到曲柄夹角和曲柄半径尺寸的要求，采用专用夹具。9 2.加工阶段和定位基准的选择曲轴加工分为：粗加工、半精加工、精加工和光整加工。曲轴加工定位基准选择：通常用：顶针孔+主轴颈小型模锻曲轴：主轴颈、法兰外圆和端面加工－顶针孔；曲柄销加工，以主轴颈与角度定位销。顶尖顶尖journalfinial10 中大型自由锻曲轴主轴颈、法兰(flange)外圆、端面的粗加工以顶尖孔粗定位为定位基准。铸造整体式主轴颈粗加工以顶针孔为定位基准；法兰外圆+小端顶针孔。曲柄销粗加工主轴颈、法兰外圆和端面以及曲柄销的轴线为定位基准。chuckfinial顶尖顶尖机床主轴轴线偏心夹具中心支架平衡重偏心夹具11 7-3整体式曲轴制造1.整体曲轴加工工艺过程〇划线。〇打顶针孔。〇粗车各主轴颈、曲柄外侧面及法兰外圆和端面。〇划法兰螺栓孔，各轴颈减轻孔，安装曲柄销加工夹具的找正线。12 〇钻法兰螺栓孔。〇粗加工曲柄销及曲柄内侧面。〇钻、镗轴颈减轻孔。〇热处理。〇修正顶针孔（两端及中间主轴承、法兰外圆）。〇半精车曲轴销及内侧面。〇半精车主轴颈。13 〇精镗减轻孔(finishboringlighteninghole)。〇修正定位基准。〇精车曲柄销及其内侧。〇精车主轴颈。〇精镗法兰螺孔。〇铣键槽(keygroove)。〇钻斜油孔。〇主轴颈光整。14 2.曲轴加工主要工序分析1）主轴颈加工主轴颈精加工，对于6拐，可装3～4个中心架，臂距差＜的成品尺寸。主轴颈外圆跳动量＜的成品尺寸。2）曲柄销加工难度在于角度及旋转时不平衡。15 小批量：曲轴曲柄销一般在车床上加工，应使曲柄销轴线与车床回转轴线同轴，通过偏心夹具来实现。加工中应加平衡块(balancingweight)：〇可采用旋转刀架的曲轴车床（工件固定不动）。〇曲柄臂间宽度可采取铣削方法。机床主轴轴线偏心夹具中心支架平衡重偏心夹具曲轴在车床上加工16 臂距差Δ=l1-l2l1l2曲轴成品检验臂距差是指曲轴某一曲柄位于两个相对位置时，其两曲柄臂间距离的差值。17 LLdcabH=[(a-b)+(c-d)]/2L曲轴成品检验曲柄销与主轴颈平行误差的检验18 曲柄夹角的测量h19 组合式曲轴半组合式全组合式20 Howtocompleteanarrativearticle(记叙文) 英语科考试说明读后续写：提供一篇350词以内的语言材料，原文多是情节丰富的记叙文，偶有少量的议论文，要求考生依据该材料内容、所给段落开头语和所标示关键词进行续写（150词左右），将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。 Afterclass,youwillbeableto……Readforthemainidea/plotWritetheendaccordingtothegiveninformationPolishyourwriting ReadingWhat"sthestyleofthepassage?A.Narration记叙文B.Exposition说明文C.Argumentation议论文 Who?When?Where?What?Why?How?ReadingStyle---Narration记叙文 Basicformsofthe6questionsWhoisthemaincharacter?Whendidthestoryhappen?Wheredidthestoryhappen?Whathappenedinthestory?Whywasthemattercaused?Howwasthemattersolved/ended? Who?When?Where?What?Why?How?Arthuroneday;whenhewasonthewaytoworkParkAvenue,neartheFirstNationalBankAbankrobbery;Arthurhelpedayoungman….but….wasmistakenforthebankthief.thesuitcaseinhishand…… MainIdeaOneday,atParkAvenue,Arthurhelpedayoungmancarrya_______whenhewasonthewaytowork.Suddenly,heheardthesoundofanalarmandfoundthata______whichwashappeninginthebank.Whenayoungwomanlookedathissuitcase,hethoughthemightbe_______forthebankthief.…………………………………suitcasemistakenrobbery 第二节：读后续写（满分25分）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。注意：所续写短文的词数应为150左右；应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Howtochoosetheunderlinedkeywordsinyourwriting?Howtomakefulluseofthegivensentencesandtheplot?Howtomakethestorycoherentandlogical?若词数少于130，从总分中扣去2分。 Theunderlinedkeywords:ParkAvenueTheyoungmansuitcaseinthebackseatloudnoiseofanalarmthebankrobberytheshoutspeoplethebankthiefTip1:Thekeywordsthatrespectivelystandforthemostimportantinformation,themaincharacterandthemainobjectshouldbechoseninyourwriting. Given-NewStrategyParagraph1:Ashewasrunning,Arthurheardtheyoungmanshoutingbehind,“Stop,stop!”……Paragraph2:ThetaxistoppedinfrontofthePoliceStationandArthur…….Tip2:Focusonthegivensentenceofparagraph2first.Andsomeinformationinitmustbementionedinparagraph1.Tip3.Usethekeynounsinthegivensentencestoinfermoreinformation. Paragraph2:ThetaxistoppedinfrontofthePoliceStationandArthur…….Arthurtookataxiandwenttothepolicestation.InParagraph1,Arthurmighthavesaidsomethingtothetaxidriver.Forexample,“Sir,pleasetakemetothepolicestationquickly.Ihavesomethingimportanttoreporttothepoliceman.”WhatwillArthurdointhepolicestation?InParagraph2,theremaybeaconversationbetweenArthurandthepoliceman.Whoelsemaygotothepolicestation?(asurprisingend)Tip4.Writeproperconversationsbetweentherelatedcharactersineachparagraph. KeyWords:ParkAvenueTheyoungmansuitcaseinthebackseatloudnoiseofanalarmthebankrobberytheshoutspeoplethebankthiefParagraph1:Ashewasrunning,Arthurheardtheyoungmanshoutingbehind,“Stop,stop!”……Twocharacters：ArthurandtheyoungmanArthurmightrealizethattheyoungmanwasthebankthief.Arthurtookataxiandwenttothepolicestation.Theyoungmanwantedtogethissuitcaseback.Theremaybesomemoneyorsomethingelseinthesuitcase.Theyoungmanmay(not)bethebankthief.Paragraph2:ThetaxistoppedinfrontofthePoliceStationandArthur…….Para1Para2Para1&2Tip5.Usethecharactersandtheiractionstoinfermoreinformation.MainIdea Haveatry!Paragraph1:Ashewasrunning,Arthurheardtheyoungmanshoutingbehind,“Stop,stop!”___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Arthurmightrealizethattheyoungmanwasthebankthief.Arthurtookataxiandwenttothepolicestation.Arthurmighthavesaidsomethingtothetaxidriver.Forexample,“Sir,pleasetakemetothepolicestationquickly.Ihavesomethingimportanttoreporttothepoliceman.”coherent,correct,logical,reasonable,richinvocabularyandsentencepatternUnderlinethekeywords PolishyourwritingParagraph1:Ashewasrunning,Arthurheardtheyoungmanshoutingbehind,“Stop,stop!”Arthurrealizedthattheyoungmanwasthebankthief.Hecontinuedrunning,stoppedataxiandgotintoit.Hesaidtothetaxidriver,“PleasegotothePoliceStationassoonaspossible.Ihavearobberytoreporttothepoliceman.”Thenthetaxiwentaway.Whichkindismoresuitable?--therefore,however,inaddition/besides,what’smore/furthermore,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand…..--unfortunately,suddenly(allofasudden),tohisjoy,worriedabout....,withthehelpof….addsomedetailsUsedifferentstructurescoherence,content,language,keywordsUsetransitionalwords(衔接词) Paragraph1:Ashewasrunning,Arthurheardtheyoungmanshoutingbehind,“Stop,stop!”Arthurrealizedthattheyoungmanwasthebankthief.Hecontinuedrunning,stoppedataxiandgotintoit.Hesaidtothetaxidriver,“PleasegotothePoliceStationassoonaspossible.Ihavearobberytoreporttothepoliceman.”Thenthetaxiwentaway.addsomedetailsUsedifferentstructuresUsetransitionalwords“Givemysuitcasebacktome!”Hearingthis,Arthurimmediatelyrealizedthattheyoungmanwasthebankthief.Sohecontinuedrunninguntilhestoppedataxi.Thenhequicklygotintoitandsatinthebackseat.Outofbreath/breathlessly,Arthursaidtothetaxidriver,“…….”Themomentthetaxidrivergottherequest,hedrovestraighttothepolicestationwithouthesitation.likeanarrow/straighttothepolicestation. Paragraph1:Ashewasrunning,Arthurheardtheyoungmanshoutingbehind,“Stop,stop!”“Givemysuitcasebacktome!”Hearingthis,Arthurimmediatelyrealizedthattheyoungmanwasthebankthief.Sohecontinuedrunninguntilhestoppedataxi.Thenhequicklygotintoitandsatinthebackseat.Outofbreath,Arthursaidtothetaxidriver,“PleasegotothePoliceStationassoonaspossible.Ihavearobberytoreporttothepoliceman.”Themomentthetaxidrivergottherequest,hedrovestraighttothepolicestationwithouthesitation.addsomedetailsUsedifferentstructuresPropertransition Haveatry!Paragraph2:ThetaxistoppedinfrontofthePoliceStationandArthur……_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________InParagraph2,theremaybeaconversationbetweenArthurandthepoliceman.Theyoungmanwantedtogethissuitcaseback.Theremaybesomemoneyorsomethingelseinthesuitcase.Theyoungmanmay(not)bethebankthief.coherent,correct,logical,reasonable,richinvocabularyandsentencepatternUnderlinethekeywords Whatkindofendingwouldyoupreferforthisstory?surprisingandinterestingAfunnythinghappenedtoArthurwhenhewasonthewaytoworkoneday.…...SomeoneorsomethingthatisfunnyisamusingandlikelytomakeyousmileorlaughTip4.Sometimes,thegeneralkeywordcanguideustoimaginereasonably. ReadAsk6basicquestions(who?When?Where?What?Why?How?)3.Getthemainidea4.Infertheending(theplot,theunderlinedwords,thegiventwosentences)Begintowrite(languagerequirements---structure,style,vocabulary)6.Polishyourwriting7.Handwriting(neatandclear)Stepstocompleteastory'