最新高三英语复习资料语法课件非谓语动词课件PPT.ppt 42页

'高三英语复习资料语法课件非谓语动词 1.谓语动词与非谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做谓语动词；在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动词，叫做非谓语动词。Weshouldservethepeopleheartandsoul.Iamreadinganovel.ShefoundEnglishhardtolearn.Seeingisbelieving.Theresultsobtainedarequitesatisfactory.Pleasestopspeaking.（谓语）（谓语）（状语）（主语和表语）（定语）（宾语） 2.非谓语动词的分类不定式(infinitive)分词（participle）动名词（gerund）3.非谓语动词的特点1)不能单独做谓语，但可和助动词或情态动词组成谓语。Yououghttohavebeenhereyesterday.2)具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语。ThePartycalledonustoservethepeople.3)连系动词的非谓语动词形式后还可以带表语。Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroom,laughingmerrily.Tobefrank,yourplanisnotpracticable. Itiseasyformetofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itisagreathonorforustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykindofyoutogivemesomehelp.It"simpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethat.注意：常用在of句型中的adj有：kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,foolish,cruel,careless,stupid,naughty,polite,impolite,silly,wrong,brave,honest,noble，right,rude等＝Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.＝Youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.主语 Theofficersnarrowlyescaped_____inthehotbattle.　A.havekilled　B.tokillC.tobekilled　D.beingkilledDon’tyouremember_____themanbefore?A.seeingB.toseeC.sawD.tohaveseen“Haveyoudecidedwhen_____?”“Yes,tomorrowmorning.”A.tobeleaving　　B.toleaveC.willyouleaveD.areyouleavingShe_____mewhenIpassedby.A.didn’tpretendtoseeB.pretendednotseeingC.pretendednottoseeD.pretendedtohavenotseen宾语 宾语注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．find/think/feel/make/considerit+adj/n+todosth.MyteachermadeitaruleonlytospeakEnglishinclass.考点一:demand,want,expect,promise,determine,refuse,offer,fail,manage,learn,agree,seem,hope,decide,prepare,pretend,wish,start,afford等+todo 考点二:admit，appreciate，avoid，consider,delay,deny,enjoy，escape,excuse，face，fancy(设想),feellike，finish，forgive，giveup,imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，pardon,practise，putoff，resist,risk，suggest，can’thelp，can’tstand(无法忍受)等+doing宾语like,love,hate,prefer,begin,start,continue,intend+doing/todobegintoknow/understand/realize… 考点三：forget，remember，regret，goon，like，mean，stop，try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。Irememberdoingtheexercise.Imustremembertodoit.Imeantocomeearlytoday.   Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour．我记得做过练习．我必须记得去做这事．我打算今早些来．误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时．宾语regrettosay/tell/inform… 考点四：allow，advise，forbid，permit+doingallow，advise，forbid，permit+sbtodobeallowed/advised/forbidden/permitted+todoWedon’tallow__________here.Wedon"tallowstudents___________.Studentsarenotallow____________.smokingtosmoke宾语tosmoke 考点五：在短语devote…to，lookforwardto，stickto,beusedto，objectto，getdownto,be(kept)busy，beworth,havedifficulty／trouble／problem(in)，haveagood／wonderful／hardtime(in)+doing例如：Ilookforwardto_________fromyousoon.hearing考点六：动词need，require，want作“需要”解，+doingtobedoneThewindowrequires_____________._____________.cleaningtobecleaned宾语 1.Thestorywas___,wewereall____.A.moving,movingB.moved,movedC.moving,movedD.moved,moving2.Thereisa___expressiononhisface.Maybetheproblemistoodifficultforhim.A.puzzledB.puzzlingC.puzzleD.topuzzle3.Withhissontoo___,thefatherwassad.A.disappointedB.disappointing定语和表语 eg.Heattendsthemeetingbeingheldintheroomnow.Heattendedthemeetingheldyesterday.Hewillattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.2.表示被修饰词的内容时，用todo.eg.Shehasastrongwishtogotocollege.theway/chance/ability/right/willingnesstodo1.从时态上看，-ingform表示正在进行的动作,pp表示已经完成的动作,todo表示将来的动作。定语 注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。Shecoulddonothingbutcry．Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?Ihavenochoicebuttogo．3.Ihavesomebooksforyoutoread.Heislookingforaroomtolivein．Thereisnothingtoworryabout．定语 动名词作定语singingcompetitionswimmingpooldiningcaropeningspeechdrinkingcuplivingroomtypingpaperwaitingroomwritingdeskwashingmachinefrying-pansleeping-pillwalkingstickteachingmethod注：动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途定语 Ifyouwaveyourbookinfrontofyourface,youcanfeeltheair_____againstyourface.A.movedB.movingC.movesD.tomoveTheywouldnotallowhim_____acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoingDon’tleavethewater__whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun宾语补足语 eg.Ifoundhim__________themoney.(steal)Ifoundthemoney____________.Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimself_______________byanoldlady.(lookafter)IoftenhearMary_________thisEnglishsong.-ingform与宾语为主动关系，强调动作正在进行；pp与宾语为被动关系，强调动作已经完成；(to)do只单纯表示一个事实，强调动作的全过程。补足语stealingstolenbeinglookedaftersing 注意2：在feel，hear，listento，lookat，notice，observe，see，watch，have，1et，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to。注意1：ask,advise,allow,permit,get,beg,cause,command,order,force,oblige,encourage,instruct,remind,warn,want,wish,expect,prefer,wouldlike,callon,dependon,askfor,waitfor,help+sbtodoIoftenhearhimsingthesong．Heisoftenheardtosingthesong·补足语 注意3：catch,keep,mind,prevent,remember,stop,start,smell,excuse,send,fancy+sbdoing例如：Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.We’dbetterkeepthefireburning.Idon’tmindyoujoking.Ilikeit.Theheavyrainpreventeduscominghereontime.Wemusttrytostopthemgettingintotrouble.Idon’trememberhimeversayinganythinglikethat.Hiswordsstartedmethinkingseriously.Canyousmellsomethingburning?Theearthquakesentthechinaandglasscrashingtotheground.补足语 作状语时的区别：-ing/pp表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况等等,eg.Theyworkedhardtopayforthenecklace.Iwenttoseehimonlytofindhimout.Iamgladtoseeyou.todo表示1.目的;2.结果—表示出人预料的情况或结果。常用only强调。3.原因—表示造成情感变化的原因。目的结果原因状语 Inordertopasstheexam，heworkedveryhard．Weranallthewaysoasnottobelate．2.在作表语用的形容词后面作状语。Iamverygladtohearit.Thequestionisdifficulttoanswer．3.too+adj/adv+todo作状语Heistoooldtodothat．4.enough+adj/adv+todo作状语Theroomisbigenoughtoholdus．1.目的状语:inorderto或soastotodo作状语的其它几种情况:5.so/such…astodo表结果Hewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.Iamnotsuchafoolastobelieveyou. -ingform与pp作状语现在分词(短语)与过去分词(短语)作状语, 表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。When leavingthe airport, they waved againand again to us.United,westand;divided,wefall.(=When/Ifweareunited…)Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Climbingto the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.(1)表示时间 (2)表示原因Beingsick, I stayed at home.She caught coldsittingon the grass.(3)表示条件Adoptingthis method, we will raise the average yield（产量） by 40 percent.Wewillnotattackunlessattacked.Evenifinvited,Iwon’tgo. (4)表示让步Admittingwhat she has said, I still think thatshe hasn"t tried herbest.(5)表示结果It rained heavily,causingsevere flooding in that country.It rained for two weeks on end, completelyruiningour holiday.(6)表示方式或伴随情况He ran up to herbreathingheavily.Please fill in the form,givingyour name,addressSurroundedbyagroupofpupils,theoldteacherwalkedintotheroom. 分词的时态和语态：与主语动词同时，应用现在分词。分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用havingdone。1)Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepare　B.preparingC.prepared　D.waspreparing2）___areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.Notreceiving　　B.ReceivingnotC.Nothavingreceived　D.Havingnotreceived3）______________intheuniversityfor3years,heknowsthewayverywell．BCHavingstudied _________bytheteacher，LiMinggaveupsmoking．A.HavingbeencriticizedB.BeingCriticizedC.CriticizedD.HavingcriticizedWaitingforabus,_____.A.abrickfellonmyheadB.Alittlegirlcametotalkwithme.C.IwashitbyabrickontheheadD.IwashitbyabrickonmyheadAC 分词作插入语或转化为介词和连词其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generallyspeaking一般说来talkingof(speakingof)说道strictlyspeaking严格的说judgingfrom从…判断allthingsconsidered从整体来看takingallthingsintoconsideration全面看来given/considering考虑到supposing,provided,providing假若例如：Givenhisage,hedidverywell.Supposingshedoesn’tcome,whatshallwedo? 动词不定式作插入语表明说话人的立场或态度, 在句中作独立成分。tobe honest/frank/fair/；to tell youthe truth;to begin /startwith；to cut /makea long story short;to get (back) to the point；to make things/mattersworse;to put it another way；nottospeakof…eg.To be honest, I have never heard of Winston Churchill.HeknowsEnglishandFrench,nottospeakofGerman. 非谓语动词的否定形式not+todo/-ingformHedecidednottodoit.Shewishednevertoseehimagain.NotseeingJohn,Iaskedwherehewas.Nothavingdoneitright,Itriedagain.Hisnotcomingmademealittleangry. -ingform与pp的区别-ingform表示主动，正在进行,Pp表示被动，已经完成作表语时或定语时，-ingform表示“令人”,pp表示“感到”，常见的有下列感官动词：move,surprise,astonish,delight,comfort,disappoint,puzzle,frighten下列表示关系的词用-edseatedin(on)坐在located坐落devoted忠诚于stationed驻防dressed穿着hidden藏在prepared准备着related关系connectedlostinabsorbedin 1.Hewashiddenunderthedesk.2.Dressedlikealawyer,shecametothecourt.3.StationedinHongkong,agroupofPLAmenfollowedHongKongcustoms.4.Seatedatthebackoftheclassroom,helistenedtotheteachercarefully.5.Locatedontheseashore,thebuildinglookspretty. ingform的复合结构1.形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+ingformTom’scominghiscoming2.代词宾格/名词+ingformTomcominghimcoming↗主语→表语↘宾语→宾语______themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.　　A.ThepresidentwillattendB.Thepresidenttoattend　　C.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresident’sattending 1.Doyoumindopeningthedoor?2.Goingtheresavedusagooddealoftrouble.3.Beinglateagainmadetheteacherangry.→Doyoumindme/myopening…→Tom’sgoingtheresavedusagood…→Hisbeinglateagainmade…说出-ingform动作的执行者时，须用复合结构 高考书面表达训练ALetterofRequest 高考书面表达训练 ProofreadingAvoidsuchmistakesinyourwriting! Suggestionsonhowtomakeyourwritingbetter?2._______________________shouldbeusedinyouressay,suchascomplicatedsimplesentences,paratacticsentences,complexsentencesandsoon.3.___________________shouldbeusedtomakeyouressaymorelogicalandreasonable.4._____________________isneededaccordingtothefact.VarioussentencepatternsProperlinkingwordsReasonableimaginationTherearemydailynecessitiesandsomedocuments,allofwhichareofgreatimportancetome.Unfortunately,Ifoundmysuitcasewasleftontheplane.ItriedtofinditatthemomentbutIwashurriedtomyworkplace,soIfailed.Therefore,Ineedyourhelp.Mysuitcaseisloadedwithmyclothes,somecashandmypassport.Youknowthepassportisimportantforidentification,especiallywhengoingabroad.1.Youhadbetterpresentyourwritingpurposeinadirectandconciseway.Mysuitcaseisablackonewithmynameattachedtoitspole 1.Adirectandconcisestart2.Varioussentencepatterns3.ProperLinkingWords4.ReasonableImaginationOurTask: ForReference参考1.本人简介：1）I"mLiHua,aChinesestudent......(takesummercoursesinyouruniversity)（定语从句/非谓语作后置定语）2）Ijustcameherelastmonthand......(adaptto.../havedifficultieswith......2.求助内容：reasonableimagination合理的发挥:1)Whatdiscouragesmemostisthat...2)Ihavenoideahowto.......3)Ican"tfollowwhat......4)Iwastoldthat......(provide/offerhelpfor......)5)I"meager/anxiousto......3.预约：Ihavenolessonson...or...(available有空的可会见的/convenient)4.联系方式：callsbat.../e-mailsb.../sendane-mailtosb WritingTemplate写作模板Dear______,Iamwritingtoformallyrequestto______（请求的内容）.Thereasonfor______isthat______（给出原因）.I______,soI______（给出细节）.Iwouldalsoliketorequest______（提出进一步的要求）.IamsorryforanyinconvenienceIhavecaused.Iwouldappreciateitifyouconsidermyrequests.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,donothesitatetocall/contactmeat______.Ilookforwardtoafavorablereply.Yourssincerely,LiHua'