最新基于增强现实ar装配系统研究课件PPT.ppt 22页

'基于增强现实ar装配系统研究 Abstractprovideaconciseoverviewofthetechnicalfeatures,characteristicsandbroadrangeofapplicationsofARbasedassemblysystemspublishedbetween1990and2015.Introduction1.traditionalcomputer-aidedassemblytechnology：requirtoidentifyconstraintinformationbetweenthematingparts；difficulttoforeseetheimpactofindividualmatingspecificationsonotheraspectsoftheassemblyprocess；lacksdirectinteractionbetweenusersandthecomponents.2.VRassemblysystem：lackingofrealisticexperience，decreasingthefidelityandcredibility；noteasytofullyandaccuratelymodelthereal-timeandactualworkingenvironments.3.ARassemblysystem：doesnotneedtheentirerealworldtobemodeled；enhancestheinteractionbetweenthesystemsandtheusers，manipulatetheobjectsnaturally. SixfunctionalmodulesofARassemblysystem Context-awarenessandauthoringARassemblysystemkeepstrackofthestatusofusersinreal-time,automaticallyrecognizingmanualerrorsandcompletionateachassemblystepanddisplayingmultimediainstructionscorrespondingtotherecognizedstates.ARassemblyauthoringsystemshavebeenenabledtocopewithmanualassemblyoperationsefficiently;Disadvantage：time-consumingtobuild‘‘adhoc’’systems.needmanualinput.Target:tobemoretask-adaptive,suiteforawiderangeofdifferenttasks.considertheimplementationissuesofsensors.becomesmartenoughtounderstandauser’sintentandgeneratetimelycontext-awareguidanceduringassemblyoperationswithoutmanualinput. EvaluationofARassemblyguidance1.Effectivenessevaluation:concernsthecapabilityofthesystemtoproduceadesiredresultforacertaintaskoractivity.2.Usabilityevaluation:involvesinvestigatingtheeaseofuseandlearnabilityoftheARassemblysystembasedonneedsanalysis,userinterviewsandexpertevaluations.Disadvantage：differentfactorsthatinfluencetheeffectivenessandusabilityofanARassemblysystemarestillobscure.suchasvariousinteractionmethods.designedonlyforaspecific‘‘adhoc’’assemblytask.Trend：evaluatingnovelARinterfaces,especiallyhowtheseinterfacescanimprovehumanresourcecapabilitiesandtheattendanthumanfactors. ARassemblytrainingResearchinthisareahaslargelyinvolvedproceduraltaskswhereauserfollowsvisualorothermulti-modalcuestoperformaseriesofsteps,withthefocusonmaximizingtheuser’sefficiencywhileusingtheARsystemDisadvantage：provideminimalfeedbackwhentheusersmakeamistake,whichisnotconducivetolearning.Target:theadaptivityofvariousmethodsanddifficultylevelsofassemblyoperationswouldbeexpectedtobeintegratedtotheARassemblytrainingsystem.handlecurrenttrendsofagileproductdevelopmentandmanufacturing. ARassemblyprocesssimulationandplanningmanyofthecurrentARassemblysimulationsystemsseemtobelimitedtotheinteractionbetweenvirtualobjects.ignoreanimportantissueofincorporatingrealobjectsintotheARenvironmenttoprovidethecorebenefitsofAR.suchashapticfeedback,naturalinteractionandbettermanipulationintuition.Hand-basedHCIhasbecomeapopularresearchtopicinARassemblysimulation.Disadvantage：theuserneedtoundertakespecificsimpleactionstoimplementtheinteractionwiththeARenvironment.theactionlackintuitiveness.onlyalimitedtypesofgestureshavebeenusedandthegesturesaredesignedbyresearchersforoptimalrecognitionratherthanfornaturalness.themappingsbetweengesturesandcommandstothecomputerareoftenarbitrary. assemblydesignandplanningTheimplementationofassemblydesignandplanningintheARenvironmentispromisingandagrowingnumberofresearchershavestudiedthisarea.Disadvantage：accuracyissue,intuitivenessanddependencyonCADsoftware.Target:toconstructanintegratedARassemblyplatformtomodeltheinteractionbetweenmatingcomponentsaccurately.toproposeaninformationmanagementmethodtoextractsinformationfromCADsystem,storesandreasonstheassemblyrelationsindependently. Marker-basedtrackingTheuseofmarkersisverycommoninARassemblybecauseitincreasestherobustnessandimprovesthecomputationefficiencyduetothestableandfastdetectionofmarkers.Disadvantage：sufferfrommarkerocclusion.industrialcomponentsaretoosmalltoattachmarkers.Sensor-basedtrackingThetrackingprincipleisbasedondifferenttypesofsensors.Visionbasedtrackingreliesoncomputervisiontechniques. Marker-lesstrackingbedeemedtobeadesirablesuccessorofmarkersrecently.Disadvantage:thetrade-offsbetweenthetrackingaccuracyandcomputationcostneedtobeconsideredcarefully. CollaborativeARinterfaceatechnologyaimmingatassemblydesigners,plannersaswellasoperatorscanparticipatetogethertofacilitatecommunicationbetweenthemduringassemblyprocess.Ranatungaetal.presentedamethodthatallowedanexperttousemulti-touchgesturestotranslate,rotateandannotateanobjectonavideofeedtofacilitateremoteguidanceinthecollaborationwithotherusers.Target:thereisnotrigoroususerstudies.FormaluserstudiesneedtobeconductedinfuturecollaborativeARresearch. 3Dworkspacescenecaptureastereocamerahastheabilitytocapture3Dimagesfor3Dreconstruction,buttheaccuracyofthecameraisnotlinear.itcann"tcalculatethedistanceofeverypixel.eventhestate-of-the-artdense3Dreconstructiontechniquesusuallysufferfrominsufficientaccuracy,resultinginvisualartifacts,suchaslossofdetailedshapesandroughboundaries. Conclusions(i)Advancedcomputervisiontechnologytocapturethe3Dworkspacescenewithdepthinformationsothatreal-time3Dreconstructioncanbeachievedwithhighprecisiontofacilitatetheinteractionbetweenvirtualandphysicalobjectsintheworkspace;(ii)StandardizationofassemblydatastructureinteroperablebetweendifferentARassemblysystems;(iii)DevelopmentofmoreintelligentARassemblysystemstounderstandandinduceoperatorworkflows,suchthatthesystemscanconsidertheoperators’mentalstatustoprovideinstructionsfitfortheircognitiveprocess;(iv)Intuitiveuser-systeminterface,whichrequiresnocalibrationandnoattacheddevice,tointeractwithARassemblysystemswithnaturalgestures;(v)CollaborativeARassemblysystemstofacilitatetheconcurrentproductdevelopmentprocess. 药品市场营销与循证医学如何发生联系目录1.相关概念2.联系的产生3.案例解读 循证医学的概念循证医学：Evidence-basedmedicine，缩写为EBM，意为"遵循证据的医学"。其核心思想是医疗决策（即病人的处理，治疗指南和医疗政策的制定等）应在现有的最好的临床研究依据基础上作出，同时也重视结合个人的临床经验。循证医学不同于传统医学。传统医学是以经验医学为主，即根据非实验性的临床经验、临床资料和对疾病基础知识的理解来诊治病人。 药品市场营销的概念医药市场营销：指医药企业为了实现企业的经营目标，为了满足消费者对健康的现实和潜在需求，以交换为中心的一种综合活动。 二者如何发生联系医改的推进促使药企经营模式发生变革2017年，公立医院改革、药品零差率、备案制政策的出台、两票制、营改增、金税三期的全面实施、金税四期的即将推行；医保支付制度的重新制定；药品招标强烈挤压药品价格，药价空间越来越小，整个医药行业都需要转型。 政策和市场环境巨变迫使药企必须回归药品销售的本源，企业营销模式必须从销售驱动转向医学驱动。新的医学驱动时代，医学驱动将从市场准入层面和销售层面支持营销。 市场准入层面：医学证据将帮助企业产品进入医保、新农合、基药等各类目录，在医保、招标、进院等各类价格谈判中获取加分，推动企业产品进入临床路径与指南，同时更好的在医院销售；药品营销层面：临床试验研究数据、循证体系将高效管理产品生命周期，帮助成熟品种的市场定位、找寻产品增长的新路径。同时，基于医学证据的产品推广模式将助力企业品牌树立和产品营销。'