最新关于身体健康和心理健康的ppt课件PPT.ppt 47页

'关于身体健康和心理健康的ppt 吸烟有害身体健康 现代人主要的三种心理疾病强迫症选择性障碍症拖延症 强迫症 强迫症的危害1、引起大脑神经异常。会造成人在识别信息的过程中出现错误，进而对自己的行为及其结果产生错误的评价，还会损害人们处理、加工信息的能力，导致最终出现精神分裂。2、引发抑郁症等精神疾病。强迫症本身已经对生活有着严重的危害，但往往伴随强迫症还会发生一系列精神疾病，使患者的生活面临崩溃。在国际一项合作调查中发现，强迫症引发抑郁情绪的几率能够达到60。3%，抑郁情绪对生活的破坏力甚至超出了强迫症本身。3、引发自杀行为。强迫症患者生不如死，因为患者主观上不想接受，但客观上又无法控制自己不去实施强迫行为，所以强迫症患者总是处于矛盾的心理环境中;有些患者总是担心自己在人前表现出强迫症状，于是拒绝与外界沟通交流，长期压抑自己的情绪;还有些患者会对自己患病深感内疚和自卑，认为自己为周围人带来了麻烦，种种情绪在患者的脑中来回闪现，有些人甚至想以死亡来结束疾病对自己的控制和折磨。 强迫症治疗方法长期强迫症的治疗方法----转移法，有意识地转移话题或做点别的事情来分散留意力可使情绪得到有效缓解。长期强迫症的治疗方法----行为疗法，患者将右手腕上套进用三股皮筋组成的橡皮圈，一旦出现不可克制的强迫现象时，加反复计数、反复检查等，立即拉弹右手腕上的橡皮圈，以对抗强迫现象，橡皮圈的拉弹气力以手腕皮肤稍有疼痛感为宜，同时计数拉弹次数及强迫现象持续的时间。刚开始时需要拉20-30次，才能对抗强迫现象。长期强迫症的治疗方法----宣泄法，人在生活中不可避免地会产生各种不良情绪，假如不采取适当的方法加以宣泄和调节，将给身心带来十分不利的影响。 拖延症如何治疗1.时刻提醒。将你提工作报告或论文的最终期限或约会日期写下来，可以时刻提醒自己。对于特别重要的事情，用荧光笔重点标注一下。2.将工作安排在一天当中效率最高的时候。3.给自己设个最后期限。很多人都有这样的经验，那些看似不可能按时完成的任务，往往在最后一刻都能完成。4.将工作分出轻重缓急，重要的马上就做。当一大堆工作都摊在你面前时，你就不知道该从何做起了。5.每天早上至少完成一件你最不想做的工作，其余工作你就会在轻松的心态下完成。6.劳逸结合7.将庞杂的工作分成一部分一部分地去做8.避免工作被打断。集中精力可以使你在很短的时间完成更多的工作。9.计划不要变来变去。一旦你给自己制定了计划，就严格遵循它。不要为了使计划更完美，而中途添加新的内容。 选择性障碍所谓选择性障碍就是对于同样能达到目的的不同方法、途径、路线，在选择的时候难以抉择，即便做出决定后仍然疑虑其它的选择是不是更好，从而导致时间的浪费，精神上的焦虑。 治疗选择性障碍的方法无论是衣食住行，在难以作出选择的时候，可以尽量回想上次做出的选择，或者参照别人的选择，一旦确定之后，尽可能的不要再改变。 人际交往小常识1．学会倾听。这样表示你关心人们，人们可以信任你。信任由尊敬开始。你不仅要用耳朵倾听，还要用眼睛“倾听”。2．不要打断人们的谈话。打断别人的谈话不仅不礼貌，而且是不尊重别人的表现。并且，被你打断谈话的人听不到你在说什么。要练习专注地倾听。3．问他们感兴趣的问题。如果你对人们感兴趣，而向他们提问题，他们会觉得很荣幸。要花点时间问人们感兴趣的问题，然后倾听他们的回答。4．清晰、友好地交谈。与人交谈时你的语音语调通常比你说的内容更重要，不要太僵硬或者太正式。当你和人们谈话时，要微笑。 新视野大学英语读写教程第三版B2U1SectionA课后练习答案 Pre-readingactivitiesP2Ex.11MichalstartedlearningEnglishbylisteningtotheBeatles.2MichalfeelsdelightedandproudwhenhelistenstotheBeatlesbecausehecanunderstandalotbetter.3BesideslisteningtoEnglishsongs,MichalalsoreadssciencefictionbooksinEnglish.4MichalmadeagreatbreakthroughinlearningtheEnglishlanguageaftersuccessfullyfinishingreadingthefirstEnglishbook.5AccordingtoMichal,Englishlearningbringshimsatisfactionandpleasure. Pre-readingactivitiesP2Ex.21•Yes,becausethewaytolearnEnglishismoreinterestingandenjoyable.•Yes,becauselearnersbecomemoremotivatedwhenlearningsomethingtheylike.•No,becauseit’slikeastreetlearningwithoutformalinstruction.2•Yes,Icouldspeakandwritemorefluentlywithgoodgrammarandvocabulary.•Yes,IcouldbetterunderstandEnglishnativespeakersafterwatchingEnglishmoviesandtalkshows.•Yes,asaresultofsurfingonlineinEnglish,I’mabletoreadmorequicklythanbefore. Pre-readingactivitiesP23•ReadEnglishnovelsandmagazines.•ListentoradiosandwatchTVprograms.•TalktoEnglishspeakerswheneverpossible.•Writeeverydaysuchasemailsandjournals. Pre-readingactivitiesP2Script:I"mMichal.IliveinPoland,andPolishismynativelanguage.IstartedlearningEnglishbylisteningtotheBeatleseveryday.Atthebeginning,Ididn’tknowwhattheyweresinging,butsoonIstartedtounderstandindividualwords,andlater,more.EachtimeIhearaBeatlessong,IamdelightedandfeelproudbecausenowIcanunderstandalotbetter.Ilistentomanyrockbands,allinEnglish,andIreallyenjoythem.BesideslisteningtoEnglishsongs,IalsostartedreadingsciencefictionbooksinEnglish.IstillrememberhowexcitedIwaswhenIsuccessfullyfinishedreadingthefirstEnglishbook,agreatbreakthroughinmylife!WhenIreadinEnglish,Inotonlyhavethepleasureofreadingbutalsogetthefeelingofself-accomplishment.Englishhasgivenmesomuchsatisfactionandpleasure.IfeelI’mfree. Understandingthetext（P9）1、Becauseheistiredoflisteningtohisfatherandheisnotinterestedingrammarrules.2、ThecivilizationofGreeceandthegloryofRomanarchitecturearesomarvelousandremarkablethattheyshouldbedescribedatleastinabriefaccount;however,whatthestudentcoulddowasonlyonesingleutterance:“whoa!”withoutanyanyspecificcomment.3、Becausetheschoolsfailtosethighstandardsoflanguageproficiency.Theyonlyteachalittlegrammarandlessadvancedvocabulary.Andtheyoungerteachersthemselveshavelittleknowledgeofthevitalstructuresoflanguage.4、Becauseteachinggrammarisnotaneasyjobandmostofthestudentswilleasilygetboredifit’snotproperlydealtwith. 5、Hefamiliarizedhissonwithdifferentpartsofspeechinasentenceanddiscussedtheirspecificgrammaticalfunctionsincludinghowtouseadverbstodescribeverbs.6、BecausethesonhadneverheardaboutthevariousnamesandfunctionsofwordsinanEnglishsentencebefore.7、Theauthoruses“roadmap"and“car"todescribegrammarandvocabulary.Here,"roadmap"isconsideredasgrammarand“car"asvocabulary.8、Sincethesubjunctivemoodhissonusedisafairlyadvancedgrammarstructure,theinterjection“whoa!”reflectsthetremendouspridethefatherhadtowardhisson;italsoreflectstheauthor’shumorinusingthewordbecauseitwasonceusedbyhisstudent,thoughintwodifferentsituationsandwithtwodifferentfeelings. CriticalthinkingP91•Motivation.•Familysupport.•Peerpressure.•Financialstatus.•Futurecareergoals.2•Englishgrammarhelpsalotinthefollowing:•Ordersentencescorrectly.•Usewordsproperly.•TalkwithotherEnglishspeakersconfidently.Englishgrammarisoflittlehelp:•Onlygivesrulesthatarehardtoremember.•Isnothelpfulinareal-lifesettingduetothelimitedtimetothinkandrecalltherules.•Notalwaysapplicabletothereallanguage,especiallyidioms. CriticalthinkingP93•Usemorecommunicativeways.•Encouragealotofinteractions.•Putsentencesinmeaningfulcontexts.4•ReadmoreEnglishfromonlinesources.•WatchEnglishTV/listentoEnglishradio/watchEnglishonlinevideos.•TalkoftenwithEnglishspeakers.•Listencarefullyandextensively.•Usedictionariestolookupunfamiliarwords.•Usenewwordsasoftenaspossible.5•ReadEnglishnewspapers,magazines,andbooks.•WriteEnglishasoftenaspossible.•WriteemailsinEnglish. Ex.3Wordsinuse（P9）1.condense2.exceed3.deficit4.exposure5.asset6.adequate7.competent8.adjusting9.precisely10.beneficial WordbuildingP11Ex.4WordslearnedNewwordsformed-al/-ialmanagermanagerialeditoreditorialsubstantialsubstancesurvivesurvivaltraditionaltraditionmarginalmargin-cyconsistentconsistencyaccurateaccuracyefficiencyefficient-yrecoverrecoveryministerministryassembleassembly WordbuildingP11Ex.51editorial2recovery3accuracy4substance5managerial6margin7assembly8Ministry9survival10tradition11consistency12efficient BankedclozeP1261L2C3J4A5I6O7N8E9H10F ExpressionsinuseP121feelobligedto2beseriousabout3runinto4distinguishbetween5thrustupon6wasallergicto7getlost8beattractedto9makesense10lookeduponas StructuredwritingP15Somebookwormsinmydormitoryoftenspendhoursreadingtheir“Bible”,PracticalEnglishGrammar,anddoalotofexercisesinthatbook,butIdon’tcareaboutitatall.MyassumptionissinceIhaveneverlearnedChinesegrammar,what’sthesenseoflearningEnglishgrammar？Infact,Englishgrammarhasalwaysbeenabigheadachetome. Englishgrammarisverycomplicatedbecause,unlikeChinese,therearemanyverbtenses.Evenstrangerthanverbtenses,Englishgrammaralsocontainssomethingveryconfusing.Forexample,Idon’trememberhowmanytimesmymiddleschoolteachertriedto“impose”thedifferencesbetweenusedtoandbeusedtoonus.Sometimeshewouldgoonwiththeexplanationfor20minutesorso.Heevensummarizedthedifferencesbylistingthreeorfourpointsforustomemorize.However,theycouldneverstayinmyhead.Idon’trememberhowmanytimesIgotitwrongwiththesentencescontainingusedtoorbeusedtoonmyexams.Iwasreallyconfusedwiththesetwophrases,andIcannevergetthemright. Inbrief,I’mallergictolearningEnglishgrammar.Curiously,IjustwonderifthenativespeakersofEnglishhaveamicrocomputerintheirbraintohelpthemutterthetwophrasespromptlywithjustaclickoftheirbrainmouse! TranslationP16Englishisknownasaworldlanguage,regularlyusedbymanynationswhoseEnglishisnottheirfirstlanguage.人们普遍认为英语是一种世界语言，经常被许多不以英语为第一语言的国家使用。Likeotherlanguages,Englishhaschangedgreatly.与其他语言一样，英语也发生了很大的变化。ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguagecanbedividedintothreemainperiods:OldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.英语的历史可以分为三个主要阶段：古英语，中古英语和现代英语。 TranslationP16TheEnglishlanguagestartedwiththeinvasionofBritainbythreeGermanictribesduringthe5thcenturyAD,andtheycontributedgreatlytotheformationoftheEnglishlanguage.英语起源于公元5世纪，当时三个日耳曼部落入侵英国，他们对英语语言的形成起了很大的作用。Duringthemedievalandearlymodernperiods,theinfluenceofEnglishspreadthroughouttheBritishIsles,andfromtheearly17thcenturyitsinfluencebegantobefeltthroughouttheworld.在中世纪和现代社会初期，英语的影响遍及不列颠群岛。从17世纪初，它的影响力开始在世界各地显现。 TranslationP16TheprocessesofEuropeanexplorationandcolonizationforseveralcenturiesledtosignificantchangeinEnglish.欧洲几百年的探险和殖民过程导致了英语的重大变化。Today,AmericanEnglishisparticularlyinfluential,duetothepopularityofAmericancinema,television,music,tradeandtechnology,includingtheInternet.今天，由于美国电影、电视、音乐、贸易和技术、包括互联网的大受欢迎，美国英语的影响力尤其显著。 TranslationP16中国书法（calligraphy）是一门独特的艺术，是世界上独一无二的艺术瑰宝。中国书法艺术的形成、发展与汉文字的产生与演进存在着密不可分的关系。汉字在漫长的演变发展过程中，一方面起着交流思想、继承文化的重要作用，另一方面它本身又形成了一种独特的艺术。Chinesecalligraphyisauniqueartandtheuniquearttreasureintheworld..TheformationanddevelopmentoftheChinesecalligraphyiscloselyrelatedtotheemergenceandevolutionofChinesecharacters.Inthislongevolutionaryprocess,Chinesecharactershavenotonlyplayedanimportantroleinexchangingideasandtransmittingculturebutalsodevelopedintoauniqueartform. TranslationP16书法能够通过作品把书法家个人的生活感受、学识、修养、个性等折射出来，所以，通常有“字如其人”的说法。中国书法不仅是中华民族的文化瑰宝，而且在世界文化艺术宝库中独放异彩。Calligraphicworkswellreflectcalligraphers’personalfeelings,knowledge,self-cultivation,personality,andsoforth,thusthereisanexpressionthat“seeingthecalligrapher’shandwritingislikeseeingtheperson”.AsoneofthetreasuresofChineseculture,Chinesecalligraphyshinessplendidlyintheworld’streasurehouseofcultureandart。.'