英美概况课件PPT测试题及课后练习答案PDF 刘白玉封丽丽主编 978 7 81134 751 7 美国部分Chapter 1.ppt 60页

'CHAPTERONEBriefIntroductiontotheUnitedStatesofAmerica1 1.FamousQuotationProgressistheactivityoftodayandtheassuranceoftomorrow.—Emerson(Americanthinker)2 2.Newwordscontiguous:adj.verycloseorconnectedinspaceortime邻近的，接触的，连续的—CaliforniaandMexicoarecontiguous.加利福尼亚和墨西哥相邻。archipelago:n.agroupofmanyislandsinalargebodyofwater群岛，多岛海insular:adj.relatingtoorcharacteristicoforsituatedonanisland岛的，岛民的，岛特有的3 ethnically:adv.withrespecttoethnicity人种上，民族上ratification:n.makingsomethingvalidbyformallyratifyingorconfirmingit批准，认可annexed:adj.[法]附加的,附属的agrarian:adj.relatingtoruralmatters土地的，耕地的，有关土地的—Theagrarianreformenabledustoformanalliancewiththepeasantsonthebasisofdemocracyandenabledthemtoobtainland.土地改革，使我们在民主主义的基础上同农民结成了联盟，使农民得到了土地。4 dissolution:n.separationintocomponentparts分解—ThePresidentannouncedthedissolutionofParliament.总统宣布了议会解散。peninsula:n.alargemassoflandprojectingintoabodyofwater半岛—PrayfornewlyestablishedChurchestobeagreatblessingtothisArabianPeninsulanation.祷告新成立的教会能成为这个阿拉伯半岛国家极大的祝福。5 hinge:n.ajointthatholdstwopartstogethersothatonecanswingrelativetotheother铰链；枢纽；关键—Thedoorisjoinedbyhinge.这扇门是用铰链连接的。precipitation:n.thequantityofwaterfallingtoearthataspecificplacewithinaspecifiedperiodoftime坠落，沉淀，凝结；冰雹—Therewillbeprecipitationonnorthernhillstonight.今夜北部山区有降雪。6 diminish:vt.decreaseinsize,extent,orrange使减少；使变小—Nomanandnothingcaninterferewithyouruseofthispowerordiminishyourspareofit.没有什么人也没有什么事情能干涉你使用这种力量或对你的使用进行限制。sapped:adj.受冰川作用侵蚀(或裂碎)的7 monsoon:n.aseasonalwindinsouthernAsia;blowsfromthesouthwest(bringingrain)insummerandfromthenortheastinwinter季风，雨季—Heavyrainsoccurduringasummermonsoon.暴雨出现在一个夏季季风期。elevation:n.theeventofsomethingbeingraisedupward海拔；高地；提高；正面图；崇高—Mountaineerssometimeshavetouseoxygenatthiselevation.登山者在这个海拔有时会用到氧气。8 deciduous:adj.(ofplantsandshrubs)sheddingfoliageattheendofthegrowingseason每年落叶的，非永久性的vegetation:n.alltheplantlifeinaparticularregionorperiod植物，草木；植被；呆板单调的生活—Groundwaterisanimportantaffectingfactorforvegetationvariation.地下水是影响植被变化的主要因素9 prairie:n.atreelessgrassyplain大草原—HaveyoubeentotheprairiesinNorthAmerica?你去过北美洲的大草原吗？precision:n.thequalityofbeingreproducibleinamountorperformance精确；精度，精密度—Theseprecisionmachineslookliketoys.这些精密机器看起来像玩具。10 formality:n.arequirementofetiquetteorcustom礼节；仪式；正式手续；拘谨—Therigidformalityoftheplacesuffocatedher.这个地方呆板的礼节压制着她。continental:adj.oforpertainingtoortypicalofEurope大陆的；大陆性的—Sofar,thankstojointeffortswithvariouscountries,Chinahassignedboundarytreatieswith12continentalneighbors,settlingboundaryissuesleftoverfromhistory.经过与各国的共同努力，截至目前，中国已与12个陆地邻国签订了边界条约，解决了历史遗留的边界问题。11 tributary:n.abranchthatflowsintothemainstream纳贡者，属国，支流—Therewasonestreetapartfromatributaryroadneartheendofthevillage.除了村子尽头的岔道外，还有一条大路。confluence:n.aplacewherethingsmergeorflowtogether(especiallyrivers)（河流的）汇合、汇流点；（人或物的）聚集drain:vt.flowoffgradually耗尽，排出，排干，喝光—Thiscountryisbeingdrainedofitsbesttalents.这个国家最优秀的人才在不断外流。12 meandering:adj.曲折的，漫步的—Streamstendtomeanderthroughlevelland.河流流经平地时有蜿蜒曲折的倾向。trail:vt.tolagorlingerbehind拖；追踪；蔓延；落后于vicinity:n.asurroundingornearbyregion邻近，附近；近处—Thesuspectwasarrestedinthevicinity.嫌疑犯在现场附近被拘捕。13 Wyoming:n.怀俄明(州)[美国]potash:n.apotassiumcompoundoftenusedinagricultureandindustry碳酸钾；草碱；苛性钾；钾化合物adjacent:adj.nearestinspaceorposition;immediatelyadjoiningwithoutinterveningspace邻近的，毗连的—Atthesoundofthefireworksthecarriagesinstantlybrokeranks,andretiredbytheadjacentstreets.爆竹声音一响，马车便立刻散开行列，隐入邻近的横街小巷里去了。14 salmon:n.anyofvariouslargefoodandgamefishesofnorthernwaters;usuallymigratefromsalttofreshwatertospawn鲑鱼；鲑肉色；大马哈鱼—Salmonaboundinthatriver.那条河里多大马哈鱼。whitefish:n.anymarketfish--ediblesaltwaterfishorshellfish--exceptherring白鲑鱼属；白鲑鱼肉15 smelt:n.smallcold-watersilveryfish;migratebetweensaltandfreshwater胡瓜鱼；香鱼laketrout:n.fleshoflargetroutofnorthernlakes[动]（北美湖中所产的）湖红点鲑walleye:n.strabismusinwhichoneorbotheyesaredirectedoutward[医]角膜白斑；外斜视16 deciduous:adj.sheddingfoliageattheendofthegrowingseason落叶性的，脱落性的；非永久性的—Butafteralightfall,itisthedeciduoustreesthatarethemostbeautiful.若是小雪，最美的就要数那些落叶树木了。prairie:n.atreelessgrassyplain大草原；牧场—PrairievolesareamongthemostdotingmammalsonEarth.草原田鼠是地球上最沉溺于爱的哺乳动物。17 designation:n.identifyingwordorwordsbywhichsomeoneorsomethingiscalledandclassifiedordistinguishedfromothers名称；指定；指示；选派—Theequipmentdesignationonalllabelsshallbeidenticaltothatinschematics.在全部标签上的设备名称应该与图表当中显示的内容相一致。prominent:adj.havingaqualitythatthrustsitselfintoattention突出的，显著的；杰出的；卓越的—Asingletreeinafieldisprominent.田野里孤零零的一棵树是很显眼的。18 median:n.thevaluebelowwhich50%ofthecasesfall中值，中位数；中线—Pricesandmedianhouseholdincomearepointinginoppositedirections.房价与家庭收入中值正指向相反的方向。respectively:adv.intheordergiven分别地；各自地，独自地—MyhusbandandIgotpayrisesof8%and10%respectively.我丈夫和我分别加薪8%和10%。19 advocate:vt.pushforsomething提倡，主张，拥护—Weadvocateeconomicalthelife.我们提倡俭朴的生活。mandate:vt.assignauthorityto把(某一地区)置于委任管理下—BritainwasmandatedtogoverntheformercolonyofGermanEastAfrica.英国受权代管德国在东非的前殖民地。20 Samoan:n.萨摩亚人[语]Chamorro:n.查莫罗人，查莫罗语Carolinian:n.美国北[南]卡罗莱纳州人PuertoRico:n.波多黎各(美国属地,位于西印度群岛东部的岛屿)21 3.BriefIntroductionKeypointsBriefIntroductionLocationandareaClimateTopographyRiversandlakesMountainsandhillsPopulationLanguages22 BriefIntroductionTheUnitedStatesofAmerica(commonlyreferredtoastheUnitedStates,theU.S.,theUSA,orAmerica)isafederalconstitutionalrepubliccomprisingfiftystatesandafederaldistrict.ThecountryissituatedmostlyincentralNorthAmerica,whereits48contiguousstatesandthestateofAlaskaandthestateofHawaii.23 MAP24 NationalFlagoftheUnitedStatesThefiftystarsontheflagrepresentthefiftyAmericanstatesandthethirteenstripesrepresenttheoriginalthirteencoloniesthatrebelledagainsttheBritishCrownandbecamethefirststatesintheUnion.NicknamesfortheflagincludetheStarsandStripes,OldGlory,andTheStar-SpangledBanner.25 TheStar-SpangledBanner“TheStar-SpangledBanner”isthenationalanthemoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Thelyricscomefrom“DefenceofFortMcHenry”,apoemwrittenin1814bythe35-year-oldamateurpoetFrancisScottKeyafterwitnessingthebombardmentofFortMcHenrybyRoyalNavyshipsinChesapeakeBayduringtheBattleofBaltimoreintheWarof1812.26 GreatSealoftheUnitedStatesThesupporteroftheshieldisabaldeaglewithitswingsoutstretched.Fromtheeagle’sperspective,itholdsabundleof13arrowsinitslefttalon,(referringtothe13originalstates),andanolivebranchinitsrighttalon,togethersymbolizingthattheUnitedStatesofAmericahas“astrongdesireforpeace,butwillalwaysbereadyforwar.”27 Locationandarea28 LocationandareaLocation:NorthAmericaArea:total:9,629,091sqkmland:9,158,960sqkmwater:470,131sqkmCoastline:19,924km29 Theadvantageouslocation1.richnatural&different,givingvarietytofarmproducts.2.thelongcoastlinewithmanyharborsandinletsfacilitatesforeigntradeandfishing,theoceanicclimate.3.nolandneighbormakethecountryfreefromthreat,unnecessarytostationfrontierarmy.4.“Heavenandearthneveragreedbettertoframeaplaceforman’shabitation.”30 Thefirst8largestcountryintheworld1Russia17millionkm22Canada9.9millionkm23China9.6millionkm24UnitedStates9.1millionkm25Brazil8.5millionkm26Australia7.6millionkm27India3millionkm28Argentina2.7million31 Climatebroadmostlytemperate,buttropicalinHawaiiandFlorida,arcticinAlaska,semiaridinthegreatplainswestoftheMississippiRiver,andaridintheGreatBasinofthesouthwest;32 Generalfeaturecoldwinterandhotsummer.differentclimatesduetodifferentlocation.TropicalclimatehotanddryRigidclimateOceanicclimate33 NaturalDisasterdroughttornadoesstormfloodEarthquake34 tornadoes35 tornadoes36 Storm37 Storm38 flood39 TopographyAsatellitecompositeimageofthecontiguousUnitedStates.Deciduousvegetationandgrasslandsprevailintheeast,transitioningtoprairies,northernforests,andtheRockiesinthewest,anddesertsinthesouthwest.Inthenortheast,thecoastsoftheGreatLakesandAtlanticseaboardhostmuchofthecountry’spopulation.40 TheUnitedStatesshareslandborderswithCanada(tothenorth)andMexico(tothesouth),andaterritorialwaterborderwithRussiainthenorthwest.41 RiversandLakesThe10longestriversintheUnitesStatesare:·Missouri:2,540miles·Mississippi:2,340miles·Yukon:1,980miles·RioGrande:1,900miles·St.Lawrence:1,900miles·Arkansas:1,460miles·Colorado:1,450miles·Atchafalaya:1,420miles·Ohio:1,310miles·Red:1,290miles42 anextensiveinlandwaterwaysystem,navigationandfloodcontrolandhydroelectricityTheMississippi-Missouririversystem,thelongestintheUnitedStatesandthesecondlongestintheworldcoveringanareaoftwo-thirdsoftheUntiedStates.(Missouri,Ohio,ColoradoandRioGrandeRiver)43 TheMississippiRiver44 TheMissouriRiverisatributaryoftheMississippiRiver,andisthelongestriverintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.45 TheMississippiRiveristhesecond-longestriverintheUnitedStates,withalengthof2,320miles(3,730km)fromitssourceinLakeItascainMinnesotatoitsmouthintheGulfofMexico.46 TheMississippiRiver47 TheGreatLakesTheGreatLakesareacollectionoffreshwaterlakeslocatedineasternNorthAmerica,ontheCanada------UnitedStatesborder.ConsistingofLakesSuperior,Michigan,Huron,Erie,andOntario,theyformthelargestgroupoffreshwaterlakesonEarth.48 TheGreatLakesare(westtoeast,generaldirectionofwaterflow):LakeSuperior(thelargestanddeepest)LakeMichigan(onlyoneentirelyintheU.S.)LakeHuron(thesecondlargest)LakeErie(thesmallestinvolume)LakeOntario(thesmallestinarea)49 LakesSuperior,Michigan,Huron,Erie,andOntario50 NiagaraFalls51 MountainsandHillsTheRockyMountains(orRockies)areamajormountainrangeinwesternNorthAmerica.TheRockyMountainsstretchmorethan4,800kilometers(2,980mi)52 TheRockyMountains53 theRockieswesttothePacificOceanTheRockyMountain“thebackboneofthecontinent:high,sharpandrugged,cappedwithsnowtheestablishmentofmanynationalparks,eg.TheYellowStoneNationalParkandtheNationalGrandCanyonPark(theColoradoRiver),andtheRockyMountainNationalPark.DeathValley.ThemostfamouscityCalifornia.54 YellowStoneNationalPark55 Populationatotalresidentpopulationof308,229,00081%residingincitiesandsuburbstotalfertilityrate:2.1childrenperwomanPeopleunder20yearsofage:27.6%peopleage65andover:12.6%Thenationalmedianage:36.756 People:Caucasian(71%)AfricanAmerican(12%)Latino(12%)Asian(4%)NativeAmerican(0.9%)57 Languages58 JoyfulMomentBedtimePrayersJuliewassayingherbedtimeprayers.“PleaseGod,”shesaid,“MakeNaplesthecapitalofItaly.MakeNaplesthecapitalofItaly.”Hermotherinterruptedandsaid,“Julie,whydoyouwantGodtomakeNaplesthecapitalofItaly?”AndJuliereplied,“Becausethat’swhatIputinmygeographyexam!”59 Mr.Positive1.Weallhaveability.Thedifferenceishowweuseit.2.Theworldcaresverylittleaboutwhatamanorwomanknows;itiswhatamanorwomanisabletodothatcounts.60'