最新第二章 眼科常用检查法48课件PPT.ppt 30页

'第二章眼科常用检查法48 第一节视功能检查视力视野色觉暗适应 一、视力检查定义：黄斑中心凹对物体相邻两点的分辨能力远视力:检查方法正常视力≥5.0近视力:检查方法正常视力 暗适应 第二节眼部检查一、眼附属器检查眼睑：位置、形态、功能泪器：泪腺、泪道（冲泪道）结膜：有无充血、乳头、滤泡、瘢痕眼球位置及运动：突出度、大小、斜视、震颤眼眶：眶缘、有无骨折、肿物、医学影像学 二、眼球检查角膜：大小、透明性、知觉、荧光素染色巩膜：颜色、有无结节、触痛、隆起前房：深度、有无房水浑浊虹膜：颜色、纹理、有无新生血管、结节瞳孔：位置、大小、形态、有无粘连、对光反射、集合反射晶状体：透明性、位置玻璃体：透明性眼底检查：检查方法检查内容：视盘、黄斑、视网膜血管、色泽 静脉视盘动脉生理凹陷黄斑 第三节特殊检查一、裂隙灯显微镜检查弥散照明法直接照明法角膜缘照明法后部照明法镜面反射照明法间接照明法 二、眼压测量指触眼压测量法：检查方法记录方法：正常Tn眼压计测量法:◆Schiotz眼压计正常眼压1.47-2.79kpa(11.0-21.0mmHg)◆Goldman压平眼压计◆非接触眼压计 Schiotz眼压计非接触式眼压计 三、萤光素眼底血管造影检查方法原理临床应用：眼底视网膜血管病变注意事项：过敏，心、肝、肾、血液系统疾病 视网膜中央动脉阻塞（充盈延迟） 四、视觉电生理检查原理：视觉电生理仪测定视网膜受到光刺激时，在视觉系统中产生的生物电活动，以了解视觉系统的功能及相关疾病眼电图(EOG)视网膜电图(ERG)视觉诱发电位(VEP) 活体超声显微镜（UBM）房角检查偏振激光扫描仪（GDXVCC）对视网膜神经纤维层的评估，用于早期青光眼的诊断光相干视网膜断层扫描仪（OCT）用于检查黄斑部病变多焦视觉电生理检查仪（mfERG）用于检查视网膜病变 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 病案张某，女，25岁，产后15天，乳汁量少3天，质稠，乳房胀硬，疼痛，胸胁胀闷，情志抑郁，叹息则气郁稍缓而胸闷稍舒，食欲不振，舌质正常，苔薄黄，脉弦。 问题：1.本病案应诊断为何病？应用何方？2.发病机理是什么？3.如何区分虚实证？4.治疗原则是什么？ 学习目的掌握缺乳的概念、辨证要点。熟悉缺乳各证型的临床表现及各证型的病理机制了解缺乳各证型的治法与方药加减。返回本节首页返回目录第二章其他病症第七节缺乳 定义产后哺乳期内乳汁量少或无乳可下者，称缺乳。又称乳汁不足、乳汁不行。返回本节首页返回目录第二章其他病症第七节缺乳 返回本节首页返回目录第二章其他病症第七节缺乳 返回本节首页返回目录第二章其他病症第七节缺乳 返回本节首页返回目录第二章其他病症第七节缺乳 返回本节首页返回目录第二章其他病症第七节缺乳 答案：1.诊断：缺乳，肝郁气滞型，夏如涌泉三加减治疗。2.一为化源不足，二为瘀滞不行。3.虚证：乳房柔软，乳汁清稀者；实证：乳房胀硬而痛，乳汁浓稠者。4.虚者补血养气，实者疏肝解郁，均佐以通乳之品。 THANKYOU'